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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 2 A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 2 A&P Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 forms of matter that makes up a human body?

A

Solid (bone)
Liquid (blood)
Gas (oxygen)

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2
Q

What is matter composed of?

A

Atoms

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3
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest particle that exhibits the chemical properties of elements

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4
Q

What is the periodic table composed of?

A

An organized table of elements

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5
Q

In a periodic table, what are the 3 labels in an element? (top to bottom)

A

Atomic Number
Element Symbol
Atomic Mass Number

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6
Q

What is atomic mass?

A

The weight of the element

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7
Q

What is the mass number made up of?

A

Protons and Neutrons

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8
Q

What has the same number of protons and electrons, but not neutrons?

A

Isotopes

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9
Q

What is it called when something has unequal numbers of protons and electrons?

A

Ions

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10
Q

What is it called when two or more atoms share electrons?

A

Molecules

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11
Q

Are Cation ions positive or negative?

A

Positive- ca(+)ion

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12
Q

Are Anion ions positive or negative?

A

Negative

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13
Q

Symbol for hydrogen ion

A

H+

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14
Q

Symbol for Sodium ion

A

Na+

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15
Q

What symbol is this? K+

A

Potassium ion

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16
Q

What symbol is this? Ca2+

A

Calcium ion

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17
Q

What symbol is the Chloride ion?

A

Cl-

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18
Q

What symbol is this? HCO3-

A

Bicarbonate ion

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19
Q

How are ions produced?

A

When there is an exchange in electrons

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20
Q

What are ionic bonds formed from?

A

Cations and anions bound together

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21
Q

When is a covalent bond formed?

A

When atoms share electrons

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22
Q

When does a chemical reaction occur?

A

When new bonds are formed, or old bonds are broken

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23
Q

Starting substances in chemical reactions are called?

A

Reactants

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24
Q

Ending substances in chemical reactions are called?

A

Products

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25
Q

What is metabolisim?

A

All chemical reactions occurring in the body

26
Q

What form of energy is it when it is stored by matter due to its position?

A

Potential Energy

27
Q

What form of energy is it when it is in motion?

A

Kinetic Energy

28
Q

What form of energy is potential energy that is stored in the bonds of compound and molecules?

A

Chemical Energy

29
Q

Exergonic energy

A

Release more energy than absorbed

30
Q

Endergonic energy

A

Absorb more energy than released

31
Q

Activation energy

A

Energy needed to start a reaction

32
Q

Type of Chemical Reaction- Synthesis

A

Atoms, ion, or molecules combine to form new and larger molecules

33
Q

Type of Chemical Reaction- Decomposition

A

Split up large molecules into smaller atoms, ions, or molecules

34
Q

Type of Chemical Reaction- Exchange

A

Consist of both synthesis and decomposition reactions

35
Q

Type of Chemical Reaction- Reversible

A

Products can revert to original reactants

36
Q

Type of Chemical Reaction- Oxidation reduction

A

Reactions concerned with the transfer of electrons between atoms and molecules

37
Q

What is the solvent of the body?

A

Water

38
Q

What are solutes?

A

Substances that dissolve in water

39
Q

What is the universal solvent? (most substances can dissolve in it)

A

Water

40
Q

What is the term for “water-loving”?

A

Hydrophilic

41
Q

What is the term for “water-fearing”?

A

Hydrophobic

42
Q

What does water act as to help reduce friction as membranes and organs slide over one another?

A

A lubricant

43
Q

Water has a high heat: (2 properties)

A
  1. Capacity
  2. Vaporization
44
Q

Solutions with greater H+ are…

A

Acidic
- have a pH less than 7

45
Q

Solutions with less H+ are…

A

Basic (alkaline)
- have a pH over 7

46
Q

What do organic compounds ALWAYS contain?

A

Carbon

47
Q

True or False: Carbon compounds are a bad source of energy.

A

False

48
Q

True or False: Carbon compounds do not dissolve easily in water.

A

True

49
Q

The four organic compounds that make up the human body

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic Acids
50
Q

What do monomers build together to make?

A

Polymers

51
Q

What do polymers do?

A

Break down to make monomers

52
Q

What does DNA do?

A

Forms the genetic code in the nuclei of body cells and it regulates most of the cell’s activities

53
Q

What does RNA do?

A

Guides protein formation

54
Q

What is ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)?

A

It is the principal energy-storing molecule in the body

55
Q

How many phosphate groups does ATP have, and how many does ADP have?

A

3, 2

56
Q

True or False: ATP is current energy

A

True

57
Q

How big is the pH scale?

A

0-14

58
Q

The higher the amount of Hydrogen ions….

A

The lower the pH scale

59
Q

What do enzymes end in?

A

ASE
Ex. Lactase

60
Q

What makes up a DNA strand?

A

Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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