Chapter 2 A&P Flashcards
What are the 3 forms of matter that makes up a human body?
Solid (bone)
Liquid (blood)
Gas (oxygen)
What is matter composed of?
Atoms
What is an atom?
The smallest particle that exhibits the chemical properties of elements
What is the periodic table composed of?
An organized table of elements
In a periodic table, what are the 3 labels in an element? (top to bottom)
Atomic Number
Element Symbol
Atomic Mass Number
What is atomic mass?
The weight of the element
What is the mass number made up of?
Protons and Neutrons
What has the same number of protons and electrons, but not neutrons?
Isotopes
What is it called when something has unequal numbers of protons and electrons?
Ions
What is it called when two or more atoms share electrons?
Molecules
Are Cation ions positive or negative?
Positive- ca(+)ion
Are Anion ions positive or negative?
Negative
Symbol for hydrogen ion
H+
Symbol for Sodium ion
Na+
What symbol is this? K+
Potassium ion
What symbol is this? Ca2+
Calcium ion
What symbol is the Chloride ion?
Cl-
What symbol is this? HCO3-
Bicarbonate ion
How are ions produced?
When there is an exchange in electrons
What are ionic bonds formed from?
Cations and anions bound together
When is a covalent bond formed?
When atoms share electrons
When does a chemical reaction occur?
When new bonds are formed, or old bonds are broken
Starting substances in chemical reactions are called?
Reactants
Ending substances in chemical reactions are called?
Products
What is metabolisim?
All chemical reactions occurring in the body
What form of energy is it when it is stored by matter due to its position?
Potential Energy
What form of energy is it when it is in motion?
Kinetic Energy
What form of energy is potential energy that is stored in the bonds of compound and molecules?
Chemical Energy
Exergonic energy
Release more energy than absorbed
Endergonic energy
Absorb more energy than released
Activation energy
Energy needed to start a reaction
Type of Chemical Reaction- Synthesis
Atoms, ion, or molecules combine to form new and larger molecules
Type of Chemical Reaction- Decomposition
Split up large molecules into smaller atoms, ions, or molecules
Type of Chemical Reaction- Exchange
Consist of both synthesis and decomposition reactions
Type of Chemical Reaction- Reversible
Products can revert to original reactants
Type of Chemical Reaction- Oxidation reduction
Reactions concerned with the transfer of electrons between atoms and molecules
What is the solvent of the body?
Water
What are solutes?
Substances that dissolve in water
What is the universal solvent? (most substances can dissolve in it)
Water
What is the term for “water-loving”?
Hydrophilic
What is the term for “water-fearing”?
Hydrophobic
What does water act as to help reduce friction as membranes and organs slide over one another?
A lubricant
Water has a high heat: (2 properties)
- Capacity
- Vaporization
Solutions with greater H+ are…
Acidic
- have a pH less than 7
Solutions with less H+ are…
Basic (alkaline)
- have a pH over 7
What do organic compounds ALWAYS contain?
Carbon
True or False: Carbon compounds are a bad source of energy.
False
True or False: Carbon compounds do not dissolve easily in water.
True
The four organic compounds that make up the human body
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
What do monomers build together to make?
Polymers
What do polymers do?
Break down to make monomers
What does DNA do?
Forms the genetic code in the nuclei of body cells and it regulates most of the cell’s activities
What does RNA do?
Guides protein formation
What is ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)?
It is the principal energy-storing molecule in the body
How many phosphate groups does ATP have, and how many does ADP have?
3, 2
True or False: ATP is current energy
True
How big is the pH scale?
0-14
The higher the amount of Hydrogen ions….
The lower the pH scale
What do enzymes end in?
ASE
Ex. Lactase
What makes up a DNA strand?
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
