Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 13 A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 13 A&P Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the spinal cord?

A
  1. Process reflexes
  2. Integrate EPSPs and IPSPs
  3. Conduct sensory impulses to the brain and motor impulses to effectors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Motor=

A

Movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the spinal cord protected by? (3)

A
  1. Bone (vertebrae)
  2. Connective tissue (meninges)
  3. Fluid (cerebrospinal fluid AKA CSF fluid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is CSF Fluid?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is it called when all the vertebra are stacked?

A

Vertebral Column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The 3 types of meninges:

A
  1. Dura Mater
  2. Arachnoid Mater
  3. Pia Mater
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which meninge is a thick, strong layer of dense irregular tissue?

A

Dura mater. (think durable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which meninge is a meshwork webbing?

A

Arachnoid mater (think of the first part of “arachnophobia” Spiders = Webbing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which meninge is a thin, delicate tissue?

A

Pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the spaces and meninges from out to in?

Hint: Every Dog Slurps Apple Sauce Playfully

A

Epidural space
Dura mater
Subdural space
Arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space
Pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The 3 spaces in the protection of the spinal cord? Out to in

A

Epidural space, Subdural space, Subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The 3 meninges from out to in:

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In which space does the CFS flow?

A

Subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are denticulate ligaments?

A

Paired extensions of spinal pia mater to help anchor the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

FYI

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are nerve plexuses?

A

Interweaving nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the spinal cord subdivisions?

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

At what vertebrae does the spinal cord end?

A

L1 or L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is at the end of the spinal cord?

A

Conus Medullaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is cauda equina Latin for?

A

Horse’s Tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

Extension of nerve root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the filum terminale?

A

Thin strand of pia mater that helps to anchor conus medullaris to coccyx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

FYI: Conus medullaris, Cauda equina, filum terminale

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the three layers of the nerve?

outer to inner

A

Epineurium- outer layer

Perineurium- middle layer around fascicle

Endoneurium- inner layer around each axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are “mixed” nerves?

A

Nerves that contain both sensory and motor axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How many spinal nerve pairs do you have?

A

31 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How many cervical nerves do you have?

A

8 (C1-C8)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How many thoracic nerves do you have?

A

12 (T1-T12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How many lumbar nerves do you have?

A

5 (L1-L5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How many sacral nerves do you have?

A

5 (S1-S5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How many coccygeal nerves do you have?

A

1 (Co1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Why is gray matter gray?

A

It is unmyelinated

33
Q

What shape does gray matter resemble?

A

An “H”

34
Q

T or F: White matter is external to the gray matter.

A

True

35
Q

Which matter uses “horns”?

A

Gray matter

36
Q

Which matter uses “columns”?

A

White matter

37
Q

What is white matter composed of?

A

Myelinated axons tracts going to and from the brain

38
Q

FYI: Gray and white matter drawn diagram

A
39
Q

FYI: Transverse section of lumbar spinal cord

A
40
Q

What is the anterior root known as?

A

Ventral root

41
Q

What kind of axons does the anterior/ventral root contain?

A

Only motor axons

42
Q

What is another name for posterior root?

A

Dorsal root

43
Q

What kind of axons does the posterior/dorsal root contain?

A

Only sensory axons

44
Q

How do spinal nerves become mixed nerves?

A

The anterior and posterior root unite within the intervertebral foramen to become the spinal nerves.

45
Q

FYI

A
46
Q

FYI: Very important to know!!

A
47
Q

FYI: Drawn diagram of sensory and motor root

A
48
Q

What kind of pathways are ascending?

A

Sensory. Signals from sensory receptors ascending to the brain.

49
Q

What kind of pathways are descending pathways?

A

Motor. Signals from brain to muscles or glands.

50
Q

What does decussate mean?

A

A cross over from one side of the body to the other side.

51
Q

Relationship to opposite side:
(90%)

A

Contralateral

52
Q

Relationship to same side:

A

Ipsilateral

53
Q

What are dermatomes?

A

A specific segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

54
Q

What are 3 things that dermatomes help with?

A
  1. Divides skin into segments (dermatome map)
  2. Can indicate potential damage to one or more spinal nerves
  3. Involved in referred visceral pain
55
Q

FYI: Dermatome map

A
56
Q

What does the chickenpox virus invade?

A

Dorsal root ganglion and remains latent until adulthood

57
Q

What causes rash and blisters along the dermatome with burning and tingling pain?

A

Shingles

58
Q

What is nerve plexus?

A

Network of interweaving spinal nerves

59
Q

Main plexuses:

A

Cervical
Brachial
Lumbar
Sacral

60
Q

FYI: Cervical Plexus

A
61
Q

FYI: Brachial Plexus

A
62
Q

What does axillary refer to?

A

Armpit

63
Q

FYI: Lumbar Plexus

A
64
Q

FYI: Sacral Plexus

A
65
Q

Sciatic nerve is the sciatic nerve UNTIL IT…

A

Splits

66
Q

What are reflexes?

A

Rapid, pre-programmed, involuntary reactions of muscles or glands

67
Q

What do reflexes help maintain?

A

Homeostasis

68
Q

What are the 5 steps of the reflex arc?

A
  1. Sensory receptor
  2. Sensory neuron
  3. Integrating center
  4. Motor neuron
  5. Effectors
69
Q

What does the motor neuron transmit?

A

A nerve signal to an effector

70
Q

FYI: Reflex arc

A
71
Q

What does a hypoactive reflex mean?

A

Reflex is diminished or absent.
May indicate damage to segment of spinal cord, neuromuscular junction, or muscle disease.

72
Q

What does a hyperactive reflex mean?

A

Abnormally strong response.
May indicate damage in brain or spinal cord.

73
Q

What is Clonus?

A

Rhythmic oscillations between flexion and extension.
- May especially indicate damage.

74
Q

What are 4 types of traumatic injuries to the spinal cord?

A

Monoplegia- loss of function to one limb.

Paraplegia- loss of function to legs/lower body.

Hemiplegia- loss of function of one side of the body. (right or left)

Quadriplegia- loss of function of all four limbs.

75
Q

What is a lumbar puncture?

A

Spinal tap

76
Q

What is a lumbar puncture for?

A

Used to analyze CSF to determine infection or disorder of CNS.

77
Q

What levels are lumbar puncture done at?

A

L3 - L4 or L4 - L5

Remember that the spinal cord ends at L1-L2

78
Q

What does EPSP stand for?

A

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential

79
Q

What does IPSP stand for?

A

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions