Chapter 16 A&P Flashcards
What is conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment?
Sensation
What is the conscious interpretation of sensations performed mainly by the cerebral cortex?
Perception
Sensation =
Sensory Modality: touch, pain, vision, hearing
What are sensory modalities grouped into? (2)
General senses or Special senses
What kind of senses are somatic, visceral-pressure, chemicals, stretch, nausea, hunger, and temperature?
General
What are special senses?
Smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium
What are receptors grouped on?
Location of the receptors and the origin of the stimuli that activate them.
What kind of receptors deal with the external part of the body?
Exteroceptors: hearing, vision, smell, taste, touch, pressure, vibration, and pain
Which receptors monitor the body’s internal environment?
Interoceptors
What do proprioceptors do?
Provide information about body position, muscle length, tension, position, movement of joints (basically body awareness)
How many types of pain are there and what are they?
Two. Fast and slow.
Define “fast pain”
Acute, sharp or pricking pain perceived within 0.1 second.
Define “slow pain”
Chronic, burning, aching or throbbing pain perceived a second or more after the stimulus.
What does deep somatic pain effect?
Skeletal muscles, joints, tendons, and fascia
What does visceral pain effect?
The pain sensors in your visceral organs.
This pain usually presents in or just deep to the skin that overlies the stimulated organ.
FYI: Referred pain
Impulses from somatic receptors to the brain stem or spinal cord:
First-order neurons
Impulses from the brain stem and spinal cord to the thalamus:
Second-order neurons
Impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area of the cortex on the same side:
Third-order neurons
FYI: Sensory pathways
What are nerves that extend out of the brain stem and spinal cord?
Lower motor neurons (LMNs)
What do LMNs do?
Innervate skeletal muscles of the face and head through cranial nerves, and skeletal muscles of the limb and trunk through spinal nerves.
FYI
