Chapter 7 A&P- Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the 2 principal divisions of the human skeleton?
Axial and Appendicular
What does the axial skeleton contain?
- Skull
- Vertebrae
- Ribs
- Hyoid bone
What does the appendicular skeleton contain?
Hint: (append)icular
Appendages- cones of upper and lower limbs
Which division does the clavicle, scapula and hip bones belong to?
Appendicular
Which division contains more bones?
Appendicular (126)
Axial (80)
What are the 5 main shapes bones are classified into?
- Long (greater seed length than width)
- Short (cube)
- Flat (thin layers of parallel plates)
- Irregular (complex shapes)
- Sesamoid (shaped like a sesame seed)
What are the two major types of surface markings?
- Depressions and openings
- Processes
What is the purpose of the processes bone marking?
- projections of outgrowths that form joints
- serve as attachment points for ligaments and tendons
What is the purpose of depressions and openings when it comes to bone markings?
- allow the passage of soft tissues
- form joints
What is a fissure?
Narrow slit between bones for passage of blood vessels or nerves
What is a foramen?
Hole for passage of blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments
Technical term for “shallow depression”
Fossa
Which surface marking is a furrow on the bone for passage of blood vessel, nerve, or tendon?
Sulcus
What is a meatus?
Tubelike opening
(think of a tube of meat. kind of gross, but it works.)
What is a condyle?
A rounded projection with a smooth articular surface
Which marking is a smooth, flat, slightly concave articular surface?
Facet
When referring to bone surface markings, what is a head?
Usually rounded articular process supported on a neck
What is this pointing at?
Crest. It is a prominent ridge or elongated process. This particular one is called the “median sacral crest”
What is the marking: epicondyle?
Usually roughened projection on a condyle
What is the marking called when it is a ridge or border, but less prominent than a crest?
A line
What is this process?
Spinous process: sharp, slender projection.
What is a very large projections found ONLY on the femur?
Trochanter
What is a tubercle?
Variably sized rounded projection
What is a tuberosity?
Variably sized projection with rough, bumpy surface
How many cavities are there in the skull and what are they?
5
Cranial, Orbital, Oral, Nasal, Paranasal sinuses
What is another word for cranial cavity?
Endocranium
What are the arrows indicating?
What are the arrows indicating?
What are the arrows indicating?
What are the arrows indicating?
What is #1 pointing to?
Coronoid process
What is #3 pointing to?
Ramus
Where are the parietal bones?
Hint: think Home Alone
What is the line pointing to?
External occipital protuberance- prominence on the posterior aspect of the skull
What is (1) and (2)?
(1) Foramen magnum
(2) Occipital condyles
