Chapter 7 A&P- Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the 2 principal divisions of the human skeleton?
Axial and Appendicular
What does the axial skeleton contain?
- Skull
- Vertebrae
- Ribs
- Hyoid bone
What does the appendicular skeleton contain?
Hint: (append)icular
Appendages- cones of upper and lower limbs
Which division does the clavicle, scapula and hip bones belong to?
Appendicular
Which division contains more bones?
Appendicular (126)
Axial (80)
What are the 5 main shapes bones are classified into?
- Long (greater seed length than width)
- Short (cube)
- Flat (thin layers of parallel plates)
- Irregular (complex shapes)
- Sesamoid (shaped like a sesame seed)
What are the two major types of surface markings?
- Depressions and openings
- Processes
What is the purpose of the processes bone marking?
- projections of outgrowths that form joints
- serve as attachment points for ligaments and tendons
What is the purpose of depressions and openings when it comes to bone markings?
- allow the passage of soft tissues
- form joints
What is a fissure?
Narrow slit between bones for passage of blood vessels or nerves
What is a foramen?
Hole for passage of blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments
Technical term for “shallow depression”
Fossa
Which surface marking is a furrow on the bone for passage of blood vessel, nerve, or tendon?
Sulcus
What is a meatus?
Tubelike opening
(think of a tube of meat. kind of gross, but it works.)
What is a condyle?
A rounded projection with a smooth articular surface
Which marking is a smooth, flat, slightly concave articular surface?
Facet
When referring to bone surface markings, what is a head?
Usually rounded articular process supported on a neck
What is this pointing at?
Crest. It is a prominent ridge or elongated process. This particular one is called the “median sacral crest”
What is the marking called when it is a ridge or border, but less prominent than a crest?
A line
What is this process?
Spinous process: sharp, slender projection.
What is a tubercle?
Variably sized rounded projection
What is a tuberosity?
Variably sized projection with rough, bumpy surface
How many cavities are there in the skull and what are they?
5
Cranial, Orbital, Oral, Nasal, Paranasal sinuses
What are the arrows indicating?
What are the arrows indicating?
What are the arrows indicating?
What are the arrows indicating?
What is #1 pointing to?
Coronoid process
What is #3 pointing to?
Ramus
Where are the parietal bones?
Hint: think Home Alone
What is the line pointing to?
External occipital protuberance- prominence on the posterior aspect of the skull
What is (1) and (2)?
(1) Foramen magnum
(2) Occipital condyles
