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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 5 A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 5 A&P Flashcards

1
Q

What does the integumentary system do?

A
  • Maintains body’s integrity
  • Maintains temp
  • Sensory information
  • Maintains homeostasis
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2
Q

What is the skin covering the outer surface of the body called?

A

Integument

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3
Q

What is another word for integument?

A

Cutaneous membrane

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4
Q

Derm=

A

Skin

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5
Q

What does the thickness of skin range from?

A

1.5 mm - 4.0 mm+ (depending on the location)

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6
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Integument?

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Subcutaneous/Hypodermis
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7
Q

Which Integument is stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Epidermis

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8
Q

Which Integument is a deeper layer, primarily dense irregular CT?

A

Dermis

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9
Q

Which Integument is NOT part of the integumentary system?

A

Subcutaneous/Hypodermis

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10
Q

What 2 kinds of CT is Subcutaneous/Hypodermis integument made up of?

A

Areolar & Adipose

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11
Q

What does “epi” mean?

A

Outside

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12
Q

What does avascualar mean?

A

No blood supply (like the surface of the skin)

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13
Q

Which layer is vascular? (has blood)

A

The Dermis

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14
Q

Where do you find epidermal ridges?

A

Fingers (fingerprint)

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15
Q

What are the 4 major types of cells contained in the epidermis?

A
  1. Keratinocytes
  2. Melanocytes
  3. Intraepidermal macrophages
  4. Tactile epithelial cells
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16
Q

What is keratin?

A

A tough fibrous protein that provides protection

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17
Q

What are melanin produced by?

A

Melanocytes

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18
Q

What participates in immune responses?

A

Intraepidermal macrophages

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19
Q

What do tactile epithelial cells function in?

A

In the sensation of touch

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20
Q

What are the layers from deep to superficial?

A

Stratum: Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum

Bake Special Green Lime Cupcakes

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21
Q

What layer is like the “basement”?

A

Stratum Basale

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22
Q

What layer separates the epidermis from the dermis?

A

Stratum Basale

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23
Q

Which layer does Mitosis occur?

A

Stratum Basale

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24
Q

How many layers is the stratum basale?

A

Single layer

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25
Q

How many layers is the Stratum spinosum?

A

8-10 layers

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26
Q

Which layer is 3-5 layers thick and the first layer of keratinization?

A

Stratum granulosum

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27
Q

What does keratinization do to the nucleus and organelles?

A

Causes them to disintegrate

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28
Q

What is keratinization?

A

Process where keratinocytes fill with keratin protein

29
Q

Which layer is clear?

Hint: Translucent

A

Stratum Lucidum

30
Q

True or false: Stratum lucidum is 1-3 layers.

A

False. It is 4-6 layers.

31
Q

Where would you find Stratum Lucidum?

A

Only on thick skin within the palms and soles

32
Q

What protects from UV light?

A

Stratum Lucidum

33
Q

What consists of 20-30 layers of dead keratinized cells?

A

Stratum Corneum

34
Q

What does anucleate mean?

A

Without a nucleus

35
Q

How many layers is in thin skin?

36
Q

How many layers in thick skin?

37
Q

Normal skin is pigmented from…. (3)

A
  1. Hemoglobin
  2. Melanin
  3. Carotene
38
Q

Which pigment is a bright red color upon binding oxygen?

A

Hemoglobin

39
Q

Which pigment is yellow-orange?

A

Carotene

(like a carrot)

40
Q

What pigment is black, brown, tan, or yellow-brown?

41
Q

What causes Albinism?

A

A defect of an enzyme involved in the production of melanin

42
Q

What’s another term for a mole?

43
Q

What is a hemangioma?

A

skin discoloration due to benign blood vessel tumor

44
Q

Two regions of the Dermis:

A

Papillary and Reticular

45
Q

Is papillary layer deep or superficial?

A

Superficial

46
Q

What’s the purpose of epidermal ridges?

A

Better gripping

47
Q

True or False: Layer thickness in the subcutaneous layer differ in men and women.

48
Q

What is a pilus?

A

A single hair, plural would be “pili”

49
Q

What is hair composed of?

A

Keratinized cells

50
Q

What are 5 functions of hair?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Heat retention
  3. Sensory reception
  4. Visual identification
  5. Chemical signal dispersal (disperses pheromones)
51
Q

What is the tube that surrounds the hair root?

A

Hair follicle

52
Q

What elevates hair with contraction? (produces goosebumps)

A

Arrector pili

53
Q

What is the hair bulb?

A

Swelling at the base where hair originates in dermis

54
Q

3 types of hair?

A
  1. Lanugo
  2. Vellus
  3. Terminal hair
55
Q

What hair type is coarse, pigmented, and longer?

A

Terminal Hair

56
Q

Which hair type is primary human hair typically found on upper and lower limbs?

A

Vellus Hair

57
Q

Which hair type appears in the last trimester of fetal development?

A

Lanugo hair

58
Q

What is alopecia?

A

Thinning of hair

59
Q

Are nails posterior or dorsal?

60
Q

Which part of the nail gets clipped off?

A

The free edge

61
Q

What is the white base half moon called?

62
Q

What is the narrow band of epidermis from margin of nail wall onto the nail body?

A

Eponychium or cuticle

63
Q

The 4 types of skin glands:

A
  1. Sebaceous (oil) glands- connected to hair follicles
  2. Eccrine sweat glands- most numerous
  3. Apocrine (axillary pubic) sweat glands
  4. Ceruminous glands- modified sweat glands in ear canal
64
Q

When does deep wound healing occur?

A

when an injury extends to the dermis and subcutaneous layer

65
Q

What stage of wound healing would be blood clots form and leukocytes clean?

A

Second stage

66
Q

4 stages of wound healing

A
  1. Blood vessels bleed into wound
  2. Blood clots/ leukocytes clean
  3. Blood vessels regrow/ granulation tissue forms
  4. Epithelium regenerates/ CT fibrosis occur
67
Q

What kind of tissue is fibrotic tissue?

A

Scar tissue

68
Q

What is another name for bed sores?

A

Pressure ulcers

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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