Chapter 9

Question 1

Incidence of Infertility

Answer 1

Affects about 15% of reproductive-age couples

Subfertility: prolonged time to conceive

Sterility: inability to conceive

Question 2

Female Infertility Causes

Answer 2

Hormonal and ovulatory factors

Tubal and peritoneal factors

Uterine factors (developmental anomalies, endometritis)

Vaginal-cervical factors

Question 3

Male Infertility Causes

Answer 3

Undescended testes

Hypospadias

Varicocele

Low testosterone levels

Azoospermia (no sperm cells produced)

Oligospermia (few sperm cells produced)

Substance abuse

Question 4

Assessment of Female Infertility

Answer 4

Detection of ovulation

Hormone analysis

Ultrasonography

Hystersalpingography

Hysteroscopy

Laparoscopy

Question 5

Assessment of Male Infertility

Answer 5

Semen analysis

Ultrasonography

Question 6

Assisted Reproductive Therapy

Answer 6

Fertility treatments in which both eggs and sperm are handled

Intrauterine insemination (IUI)

In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET)

Intracystoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

Assisted hatching

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)