Chapter 25

Question 1

Recommended Infant Nutrition

Answer 1

Human milk provides the best nutrition for infants

AAP recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months and continued for at least 12 months

Question 2

Contraindications of Breastfeeding

Answer 2

Newborns with galactosemia

Mothers who are positive for T cell lymphotropic virus

Mothers with untreated brucellosis

Mothers with active TB

Mothers with active herpes lesions on the breast

Mothers with HIV

Question 3

Anatomy of a Lactating Breast

Answer 3

15 to 20 lobes

Alveoli that produce milk

Myoepithelial cells that send milk to the ductules

SIZE AND SHAPE OF BREAST ARE NOT ACCURATE INDICATORS OF ITS ABILITY TO PRODUCE MILK

Question 4

Lactogenesis

Answer 4

Prolactin prepares the breast to secrete milk

Oxytocin is the let-down reflex

Nipple-erection reflex

Question 5

Uniqueness of Human Milk

Answer 5

Contains many immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgD, and IgE but IgA is most important)

Colostrum is extremely rich in immunoglobulins and has higher concentration of protein and minerals but less fat than mature milk

Question 6

Solid foods can be added…

Answer 6

During the second 6 months

Question 7

Common Concerns of the Breastfeeding Mother

Answer 7

Engorgement

Sore nipples

Insufficient milk supply

Plugged milk ducts

Mastitis

Question 8

Types of Commercial Formulas

Answer 8

Cow’s milk-based formulas

Soy-based formulas (for children who are lactose intolerant)

Casein or whey-hyrolysate formulas (for children who are lactose intolerant)

Amino acid formulas (infants with multiple food protein intolerances)

Question 9

Feeding Schedule

Answer 9

Infants should be breastfed within the first hour after birth and at least 8-12 times every 24 hours thereafter

Question 10

Sore Nipples

Answer 10

Often caused by incorrect latch

Question 11

Unmodified Cow’s Milk

Answer 11

Inappropriate for infants younger than 1 year of age