Chapter 36 Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia

A

Characterized by yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, sclera, and various organs

Caused by an accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin and hemolyzed RBCs under the skin

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2
Q

Physiologic Jaundice

A

Occurs in about 2/3 of healthy newborns and almost all preterm infants

Arises more than 24 hours after birth

Progressive increase in unconjugated bilirubin level in cord blood

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3
Q

Pathologic Jaundice

A

Level of serum bilirubin that can result in kernicterus

Greater than 5 mg/dL in cord blood

Evident within 24 hours

Persists for more than 14 days in the life of a term infant

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4
Q

Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy

A

Describes the acute CNS manifestations seen in the first weeks after birth

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5
Q

Kernicterus

A

Describes the chronic and permanent results of bilirubin toxicity

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6
Q

Management of Hyperbilirubinemia

A

Determine blood type of woman prenatally

Assessment for risk factors

Rh(D) immunoglobulin

Coombs’ test

Exchange transfusion

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7
Q

Most Common Major Congenital Anomalies

A

Congenital Heart Disease

Neural tube defects

Cleft lip or palate

Clubfoor

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

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8
Q

CNS Anomalies (Neural Tube Defects)

A

Encephalocoele

Anencephaly

Spina bifida

Meningocoele

Hydrocephalus

Microcephaly

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9
Q

Rh Incompatibility

A

Isoimmunization

Rh-positive offspring of an Rh-negative mother are at risk

Mother forms antibodies against the fetal blood cells

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10
Q

ABO Incompatibility

A

Fetal blood type is A, B, or AB and the maternal type is O

Naturally-occurring anti-A and anti-B antibodies are transferred across the placenta to the fetus

Exchange transfusions required

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11
Q

Laryngeal Web

A

Incomplete separation of two sides of the larynx

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12
Q

Choanal Atresia

A

Posterior nares are blocked

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13
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

A

Defect in the formation of the diaphragm

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14
Q

Gastrointestinal System Anomalies

A

Facial clefts

Esophageal atresia

Omphalocele

Gastroschisis

Gastrointestinal obstruction

Imperforate anus

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