Chapter 12

Question 1

Ovulation occurs…

Answer 1

14 days into the menstrual cycle

Question 2

Pre-Embryonic Period

Answer 2

12-14 days after fertilization

Question 3

Embryonic Period

Answer 3

15 days-8 weeks after fertilization

Most critical stage of development

Most vulnerable to teratogens

Question 4

Fetus

Answer 4

9-38 weeks

Less vulnerable to teratogens

Question 5

Umbilical Cord

Answer 5

Consists of Wharton’s Jelly (to prevent cord compression) and 2 arteries and 1 vein

Question 6

Placenta

Answer 6

Endocrine gland functions (HcG, HcS, estrogen, and progesterone)

Adequate circulation necessary for placental function

Question 7

Viability

Answer 7

Infant supposedly viable at > 20 weeks

Question 8

Amniotic Fluid

Answer 8

Cushions against impacts to maternal abdomen

Maintains stable temperature

Allows symmetric development

Prevents the membranes from adhering to developing fetal parts

Allows room and buoyancy for fetal movement

Question 9

4 Weeks

Answer 9

Heart develops and begins to beat

Genital ridge appears

Question 10

8 Weeks

Answer 10

Cerebral cortex begins to acquire atypical cells

Question 11

12 Weeks

Answer 11

Lungs acquire definite shape

Kidney able to secrete urine

Earliest tastebuds indicated

Sex recognizable

Lanugo first appears

Question 12

16 Weeks

Answer 12

Most bones distinctly indicated throughout the body

Kidneys in position

General sense organs differentiate

Question 13

20 Weeks

Answer 13

Enamel depositing nose and ears ossify

Question 14

24 Weeks

Answer 14

Able to hear

Question 15

28 Weeks

Answer 15

Lecithin is forming on alveolar surfaces

Receptive to lights

Question 16

30-31 Weeks

Answer 16

Can turn head from side to side

Aware of sounds outside of the mother’s body

Question 17

40 Weeks

Answer 17

Scant vernix caseosa

Moderate to profuse hair

Myelination of brain begins

Sleep-wake cycle

Question 18

First System to Function

Answer 18

Cardiovascular

Question 19

Progesterone

Answer 19

Suppresses secretion of FSH and LH by the anterior pituitary

Maintains pregnancy by relaxing smooth muscles

Causes fat to deposit in subcutaneous tissues over the maternal abdomen, back, and upper thighs

Decreases mother’s ability to use insulin

Question 20

Estrogen

Answer 20

Relaxes pelvic muscles and joints

Interferes with folic acid metabolism

Question 21

Prolactin

Answer 21

Prepares breasts for lactation

Question 22

Oxytocin

Answer 22

Stimulates uterine contraction

Stimulates milk ejection from breasts

Question 23

Cortisol

Answer 23

Stimulates production of insulin

Increases peripheral resistance to insulin

Question 24

Aldosterone

Answer 24

Stimulates reabsorption of excess sodium from the renal tubules