Chapter 10 Flashcards
Benign Conditions of the Breast
Cystic masses
Fibrocystic changes
Breast pain (Mastalgia)
Fibroadenoma
Fibrocystic Changes
Etiology related to estrogen and progesterone
Fibroadenoma
Most common solid mass of the breast
Discrete, solitary lumps less than 3 cm in diameter
Incidence of Malignant Conditions of the Breast
Breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in women ages 45-55
1/8 American women will develop invasive breast cancer
At least 15% of cases are related to a genetic mutation
Etiology of Breast Cancer and Risk Factors
Gender, age, time of menarche, menopause, and time of first live birth
Personal history of breast cancer
Geographic differences
First pregnancy after age 40
Fibrocystic disease
Higher breast density
Body weight
Dietary risk factors
Use of exogenous hormones
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Genetic Considerations
85% chance of developing breast cancer in a woman’s lifetime with either genetic mutation BRCA1 or BRCA2
Pathophysiology of Malignant Breast Disease
More than 20 types
Ductal, lobular, nipple carcinoma (Paget disease), inflammatory breast cancer
Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Screening includes mammography for macrocalcifications or microcalcifications
MRI
Biopsy
Prognosis
Nodal involvement and tumor size remain the most significant prognostic criteria for long-term survical
Surgeries
Lumpectomy
Segmental or partial mastectomy
Total simple mastectomy
Modified radical mastectomy
Skin- or scar-sparing mastectomy
Nipple- and areola-sparing mastectomy
Preventive/prophylactic mastectomy
Radiation Therapy
Accelerated breast radiation therapy
Brachytherapy
Partial breast radiation therapy
Adjuvant Systemic Therapy
Adjuvant chemotherapy
Hormonal therapy (Tamoxifen, Raloxifene, Aromatase inhibitors)
Chemotherapy
Survivorship Issues
Vasomotor symptoms
Sexual dysfunction
Osteoporosis
Weight gain
Cognitive changes
Cancer-related fatigue
Cardiotoxicity
