Chapter 11 Flashcards
Alterations in Pelvic Support
Uterine displacement and prolapse
Cystocele and rectocele
Genital fistulas
Urinary incontinence
Ovarian Cysts
Benign
Dependent on hormonal influences associated with the menstrual cycle
Follicular cysts, corpus luteum cysts, theca-lutein cysts, PCOS, dermoid cysts, ovarian fibromas
Uterine Polyps
Benign
Endometrial or cervical in origin
Tumors on stalks arising from the mucosa
Polyps rarely recur after removal
Most common in multiparous women older than age 40
Leiomyomas
Benign
Also called fibroid tumors, fibromas, myomas, or fibromyomas
Slow-growing tumors arising from the muscle tissue of the uterus
Rarely become malignant
Growth influenced by ovarian hormones
Spontaneously shrink after menopause
Most are asymptomatic
Management of Leiomyomas
Medications
Uterine artery embolization
Laser surgery
Myomectomy
Hysterectomy
Bartholin Cysts
Most common benign lesions of the vulva
Caused by obstruction of the Bartholin duct, causing it to enlarge
Recurrence in women is common; permanent opening for drainage may be recommended
Vulvodynia
Vulvar pain
Cancer of the Endometrium
Most common malignancy of reproductive system
Slow-growing and has a good prognosis if diagnosed at a localized stage
Hormone imbalance most significant risk factor
Cardinal sign of endometrial cancer is abnormal uterine bleeding
Cancer of the Ovary
Second most frequently occurring reproductive cancer
Symptoms are vague
Definitive screening tests do not exist
Often diagnosed in advanced stage
Cause is unknown but risk factors include nulliparity, infertility, previous breast cancer, family history
Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
Surgical removal
Cytoreductive surgery
Antineoplastic surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation
Cancer of the Cervix
Third most common reproductive cancer
Incidence of invasive cancer has decreased over the past 30 years
Incidence of preinvasive cancer has increased
PAP test, colposcopy, biopsy, conization
Radiation therapy, cryosurgery, laser ablation, electrosurgical excision
Radical hysterectomy, external radiation therapy, internal radiation therapy, pelvic exenteration, chemotherapy
Cancer of the Vulva
Treatment includes laser surgery, cryosurgery, electrosurgical excision, vulvectomy
Cancer of the Vagina
Accounts for 1-3% of gynecologic malignancies
Most lesions are squamous cell carcinomas
May be caused by chronic vaginal irritation, vaginal trauma, and genital viruses
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Encompasses a spectrum of disorders arising from the placental trophoblast
Hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, choriocarcinoma
Most curable gynecological malignancy
