Chapter 9

Question 1

an organism that produces its own food using CO2 and other simple inorganic compounds form its environment and energy for the sun or from oxidation of inorganic substances

Answer 1

autotrophs

Question 2

photosynthetic organism that use light as its energy source and carbon dioxide as its carbon source

Answer 2

photoautotrophs

Question 3

an organism that acquires energy and nutrients by eating other organisms or their remains

Answer 3

heterotrophs

Question 4

the first stage of photosynthesis, in which the energy of sunlight is absorbed and converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH

Answer 4

light-dependent reactions

Question 5

the second stage of photosynthesis in which electrons are used as a source of energy to convert inorganic CO2 to an organic form

Answer 5

light-independent reactions/Calvin cycle

Question 6

process in which electrons are used as source of energy to convert inorganic CO2 to an organic form

Answer 6

CO2 fixation

Question 7

the range of wavelengths or frequencies of electromagnetic radiation extending from gamma rays to the longest radio waves and including visible light

Answer 7

electromagnetic spectrum

Question 8

molecule of green pigment that absorbs photons of light in photosynthesis

Answer 8

chlorophylls

Question 9

molecule of yellow-orange pigment by which light is absorbed in photosynthesis

Answer 9

carotenoids

Question 10

curve representing the amount of light absorbed at each wavelength

Answer 10

absorption spectrum

Question 11

graph produced by plotting the effectiveness of light at each wavelength in driving photosynthesis

Answer 11

action spectrum

Question 12

a large complex into which the light-absorbing pigments for photosynthesis are organized with proteins and other molecules

Answer 12

photosystems

Question 13

in photosynthesis, a protein complex in the thylakoid membrane that uses energy absorbed from sunlight to synthesize ATP

Answer 13

photosystem II

Question 14

in photosythesis a protein complex in the thylakoid membrane that uses energy absorbed from sunlight to synthesize NADPH

Answer 14

photosystem I

Question 15

in photosystems, the sites at which light is absorbed and converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis, an aggregate of many chlorophyll pigments that serves as the primary site of absorbing light energy in the form of photons

Answer 15

antenna complex/light-harvesting complex

Question 16

part of photosystems I and II in chloroplasts of plants. in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, it receives light energy absorbed by the antenna complex in the same photsystem

Answer 16

reaction center

Question 17

the synthesis of ATP coupled to the transfer of electrons energized by photons of light

Answer 17

photophosphorylation

Question 18

an electron transport pathway associated with photosystem I in photosynthesis that produces ATP without the synthesis of NADPH

Answer 18

cyclic electron flow

Question 19

an enzyme that catalyzes the key reaction of the Calvin cycle, carbon fixation, in which CO2 combines with RuBP (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate) to form 3-phosphoglycerate

Answer 19

RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco)

Question 20

the partial or full gain of electrons to a substance

Answer 20

reduction

Question 21

a process that metabolizes a by-product of photosynthesis

Answer 21

photorespiration

Question 22

in C4 plants the pathway to fix CO2 into oxaloacetate in mesophyll cells and then produce CO2 for the Calvin cycle in bundle sheath cells

Answer 22

C4 pathway

Question 23

in CAM plant pathway to fix CO2 into oxaloacetate and then produce CO2 for the Calvin cycle both occurring in mesophyll cells but separated by time of day. stands for “crassulacean acid metabolism

Answer 23

CAM pathway

Question 24

a biochemical variation of photsynthesis that was discovered in a member of the plant family Crassulaceae. carbon dioxide is taken up and stored during the night to allow the stomata to remain closed during the daytime, decreasing water loss

Answer 24

crassulacean acid metabolism

Question 25

The conversion of light energy to chemical energy in the form of sugar and other organic molecules

Answer 25

photosynthesis