Chapter 10

Question 1

the sequence of events during which a cell experiences a period of growth followed by nuclear division and cytokinesis

Answer 1

cell cycle

Question 2

nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei that are exact genetic copies of the parental nucleus

Answer 2

mitosis

Question 3

the division of diploid cells to haploid progeny, consisting of 2 sequential rounds of nuclear and cellular division

Answer 3

meiosis

Question 4

in eukaryotic cells, a linear structure composed of a single DNA molecule complexed with protein. each eukaryotic species has a characteristic number in the nucleus. most prokaryotes have a single, usually circular with few or no associated proteins

Answer 4

chromosomes

Question 5

an organism or cell with 2 copies of each type of chromosomes in its nucleus

Answer 5

diploid

Question 6

the 2 chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell-one of the pair derives from the maternal parent and the other derives from the paternal parent. they have the same genes in the same order, in their DNA

Answer 6

homologous chromosomes

Question 7

an organism or cell with only one copy of each type of chromosome in its nuclei

Answer 7

haploid

Question 8

number of chromosomes sets of a cell or species

Answer 8

ploidy

Question 9

one of 2 exact copies of a chromosome duplicated during replication

Answer 9

sister chromatids

Question 10

equal distribution of daughter chromosomes to each of the 2 cells that result from cell division

Answer 10

chromosome segregation

Question 11

an individual genetically identically identical to an original cell from which it descended

Answer 11

clones

Question 12

living cells growing in a growth medium in a laboratory vessel

Answer 12

cell cultures

Question 13

first stage of mitotic cell cycle, during which the cell grows and replicates its DNA before undergoing mitosis and cytokinesis

Answer 13

interphase

Question 14

initial growth stage of the cell cycle in eukaryotes, during which the cell makes proteins and other types of cellular molecules, but not nuclear DNA

Answer 14

G1 phase

Question 15

phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle during which DNA replication occurs

Answer 15

S phase

Question 16

phase of the cell cycle in eukaryotes during which the cell continues to synthesize proteins and to grow, completing interphase

Answer 16

G2 phase

Question 17

phase of the cell cycle in eukaryotes in which many cell type stop dividing

Answer 17

G0 phase

Question 18

beginning phase of mitosis during which the duplicated chromosomes within nucleus condense from a greatly extended state into compact, rodlike structures

Answer 18

prophase

Question 19

transition period between prophase and metaphase during which the microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to the kinetochores and the chromosomes shuffle until they align in the center of the cell

Answer 19

prometaphase

Question 20

phase of mitosis during which the spindle reaches its final form and the spindle microtubules move the chromosomes into alignment at the spindle midpoint

Answer 20

metaphase

Question 21

phase of mitosis during which the spindle separates sister chromatids and pulls them to opposite spindle pole

Answer 21

anaphase

Question 22

final phase of mitosis during which the spindle disassembles, the chromosomes decondense and the nuclei reform

Answer 22

telophase

Question 23

structure that separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite spindle poles

Answer 23

spindle

Question 24

one of the pair of centrosomes in a cell undergoing mitosis from which bundles of microtubules radiate tom part of the spindle form that pole

Answer 24

spindle poles

Question 25

one of 2 exact copies of a chromosome duplicated during replication

Answer 25

sister chromatids adhesions

Question 26

specialized structure consisting of proteins attached to a centromere that mediates the attachment and movement of chromosomes along the mitotic spindle

Answer 26

kinetochore

Question 27

specialized chromosomal region that connects sister chromatids and attaches them to the mitotic spindle

Answer 27

centromere

Question 28

characteristic of a species consisting of the shapes and sizes of all the chromosomes at metaphase

Answer 28

karyotype

Question 29

in cytokinesis, a groove that girdles the cell and gradually deepens until it cuts that cytoplasm into 2 parts

Answer 29

furrow

Question 30

in cytokinesis in plants, a new cell wall forms between the daughter nuclei and grows laterally until it divides the cytoplasm

Answer 30

cell plate

Question 31

any mode of reproduction in which a single individual gives rise to offspring without fusion of gametes; that is, without genetic input from another individual

Answer 31

asexual reproduction

Question 32

main microtubules organizing center of cell which organizes the microtubule cytoskeleton during interphase and positions many of cytoplasmic organelles

Answer 32

centrosome

Question 33

an anchoring point near the center of a eukaryotic cell from which most microtubules extend outward

Answer 33

microtubule organizing center (MTOC)

Question 34

a cylindrical structure consisting of 9 triplets of microtubules in the centrosomes of most animal cells

Answer 34

centrioles

Question 35

radiating array produced as microtubules extending from the centrosomes of cells grow in length and extent

Answer 35

asters

Question 36

division of the cytoplasm into 2 daughter cells following nuclear division in mitosis or meiosis

Answer 36

cytokinesis