Chapter 9 Flashcards
In 1059, the _____Was created so that churchman rather than Roman nobles or German king could choose the Popes.
College of Cardinals
Some kings and nobles were claiming that it was there right not only to a point church officials but also to invest them with their religious authority, a practice known as _____.
Lay investiture
What was the dispute and outcome between
Henry IV and Gregory VII?
Dispute: Lay Investiture
Outcome: Gregory was excommunicated and repented in the snow
What was the dispute and outcome between
John and Innocent III?
Dispute: (didn’t get this one; find out tomorrow)
Outcome: Interdict, John became pope’s vassal
What was the dispute and outcome between
Philip and Innocent III?
Dispute: Marriage
Outcome: Interdict, King backs down
What was the dispute and outcome between
Philip IV and Boniface VIII?
Dispute: Taxes
Outcome: Interdict, no church money, pope backs down
What are the popes weapons?
Excommunication, Interdict, and Inquisition
What is Excommunication?
being cut off from the church
What is Interdict?
suspension of all sacraments except Baptism and Extreme Unction
What is Inquisition?
court to deal with herecy (false teachings)
List the crusades.
- People’s Crusade
- King’s Crusade
- Diverted Crusade
- Children’s Crusade
What is significant about the People’s Crusade?
- Most successful
- Won Jerusalem
What is significant about the King’s Crusade?
- 3 kings + 1 Saladin
- Truce
What is significant about the Diverted Crusade?
- Destroyed Constantinople
What is significant about the Children’s Crusade?
- (Not an official Crusade)
- Led by children
- Most died or were enslaved
What were the consequences of the crusades?
- Government change- the crusades weakened the feudal structure of Europe.
- Commercial change- the crusades expanded the commercial activity of Europe.
- Pope’s- the early crusades strengthened the Papacy.
- New horizons- the crusades opened new horizons to the people of Medieval Europe.
- Church lessons- the crusades offered important lessons for the Christian church.
What is the buying and selling of religious or blessed articles or goods?
Simony
Who was probably the greatest of the reforming popes?
Gregory VII
Who was the German emperor who refused to obey, insisting upon his right to appoint the bishops in his realm?
Henry IV
What was the agree that recognized the right of the church to elect it’s own bishops and abbots and to invest them with spiritual authority?
Concordat of Worms
Under which pope did the papacy reach it’s zenith?
Innocent III
What were the German local tribal leaders called?
Dukes
Each Duke ruled like a king in his own territory called a _____.
Duchy
What did the German empire become known as?
Holy Roman Empire
Voltaire observed what about the Holy Roman Empire?
It was “neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire.”
Germanic tribes from northern Europe, such as the _____ and the _____, invaded Britain.
Angles and Saxons
Monks began to compile the _____, which traces the history of England from Roman times to Alfred’s day.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
The English nobles elected _____ king, rather than William (the cousin of the preceding king).
Harold
What battle did Harold and William fight over the throne.
The Battle of Hastings
Who won the Battle of Hastings, taking the throne?
William
The findings of the tax survey were collected in a record known as the _____.
Domesday Book.
The _____ not only helped insure justice but also helped to draw the English people together into a unified nation.
Common Law
The English barons forced John to set his seal to the _____.
Magna Carta
What does Magna Carta mean?
“Great Charter”
What was probably the most important and enduring contribution of Edward’s reign?
Parliament
What was an assembly of the great men of the kingdom?
Witan
The word parliament comes from a french word meaning what?
“to seek” or “to discuss”
What city is known as the Île-de-France?
Paris
The climax of Capetian rule came during the reign of _____.
Phillip IV
Those marked by a cross (in military) were called _____.
Crusaders
How many major Crusades were there?
8
List the 4 reasons for the crusades.
- True desire to defend Christianity
- Heavenly rewards
- Escape life of the manor
- Gain fame and fortune
