Chapter 20: The Great War Flashcards
One individual who became famous for his promotion of international peace was the wealthy Swedish chemist _____.
Alfred Nobel
What two things did Alfred Nobel “invent”?
Dynamite and the Nobel Peace Prize
What were the Reasons for Fear?
Extreme Nationalism
Militarism
Imperialism
Rival Alliances
The system of alliances that Bismarck created to politically isolate France is often called _____.
Bismarck’s System
In 1882, the _____ brought Germany, Austria-Hungry, and Italy together in an anti-French coalition.
Triple Alliance
In July 1888, a young impulsive _____ became kaiser (emperor) of Germany.
Wilhelm II
In 1904, Britain and France put aside their differences and came to a “friendly understanding” in what is called the _____.
Entente Cordiale
Philanthropist _____ was an American steel manufacturer who donated funds to build the Peace Palace at the Hague (the seat of government in the Netherlands).
Andrew Carnegie
Since Britain had previously formed a friendly understanding with France, the agreement with Russia paved the way for the _____ between Britain, France, and Russia.
Triple Entente
When was Francis Ferdinand assassinated?
June 28, 1914
What is an ultimatum?
a list of demands with threats
What is another word for make ready?
mobilize
Who were the Central Powers?
Germany and Austria-Hungry
The German armies, under the leadership of General _____, defeated the Russians.
Paul van hindenburg
Define stalemate.
a situation in which both sides were at a standstill
What is attrition?
gradual wearing down of the other side
what are zeppelins and who used them?
Germany’s long, slender airships similar to modern blimps
What country switched sides by joining the allies?
Italy
List some of the weapons used in the Great War.
Machine gins
Grenades
Flame throwers
Mustard gas
List some of the machinery used in the Great War.
Tanks
Airplanes
Zeppelins
Submarines
List some of the ways of communication used in the Great War.`
Radios
Telephones
Codes
What is the name for the German’s submarines?
U-boats
What British liner did Germany sink on May 7 after warning then on May 1?
the Lusitania
What is unrestricted submarine warfare?
the sinking of all ships, even if they were unarmed, that carried supplies to the Allies
What is “total war”?
when the affects of war largely impact the civilians and when they are involved in the war, in that they are supporting the soldiers with food and war bonds
When did Czar Nicholas II abdicate?
March 15, 1917
The _____ effectively took Russia out of the war and gave Lenin time to consolidate his power.
Treaty of Brest-Litausk
What U.S. President decided to stay neutral when the war broke out in 1914?
Woodrow Wilson
Though the U.S. was neutral originally, who was the only side they traded with?
the Allies
What side and in what year did the U.S. join the war?
Allies; 1917
Under who did the American Expeditionary Force provide the necessary edge to defeat the Germans?
General (John J.) Pershing
Who stopped the final German offensive into France?
General Foch
What is an armistice?
a temporary cessation of fighting
When did WWI end?
November 11, 1918 at 11AM
Who had “Fourteen Points” on the revenge/ no revenge on Germany?
Woodrow Wilson
What is the name of the treaty between the Allies and Germany?
Treaty of Versailles
What are reparations?
payment for war damages
What does demilitarized mean?
no armies could be in that area at any time
The so-called _____ placed the entire blame for the war upon Germany and her allies.
war guilt clause
What does Anschluss mean?
political unification
In what year was the League of Nations established?
1920
What is a moratorium?
suspension of payments
Explain the continuous money cycle that was traded between Britain, France, Germany and U.S..
- Britain and France payed debts to America
- Germany- reparations to Britain and France
- reparations used to repay debts
- U.S.= loaned out more money to Germany to help them out
What is imperialism?
competition for colonies
What plan said to “attack France first, then Russia”?
the Schlieffen Plan
