Chapter 15 Flashcards
What were the two principal authorities for truth during the Middle Ages?
ancient philosophers and church tradition
List three (four given) new instruments that aided scientific investigation of the physical world.
telescopes, microscopes, thermometers, barometers
What Polish astronomer challenged the theory of an earth-centered universe?
Copernicus
What was Copernicus’s theory/view called?
heliocentric (sun-centered) theory
What contribution did Edward Jenner make to the field of medicine?
developed the smallpox vaccination
Who is the Father of Modern Chemistry?
Lavoisier
The Age of Reason was during what centuries?
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
Scientists use the _____ when seeking answers to their questions about the physical world.
Scientific Method
From the Renaissance to the eighteenth century, scientific inquiry and achievement advanced so rapidly that historians often speak of a _____.
scientific revolution
What were the affects of the scientific revolution?
⇒greatly increased man’s knowledge of the physical universe
⇒Old myths and legends were discarded as men discovered the principles that God established to govern His creation
What German astronomer agreed with Copernicus that the sun was the center of the universe, but thought that the orbits were elliptical (oval-shaped) rather than Copernicus’s theory of the rotations being circular?
Kepler
What German astronomer asked God to keep his investigations free from personal bias?
Kepler
Who is possibly the best-known astronomer in history?
Galileo (Galilei)
What do we remember Newton best for?
his discovery of the laws of gravity
Who wrote On the Fabric of the Human Body?
Vesalius
What famous Roman physician suggested that since the human body is chemical in nature, chemicals should be used to treat disease.
Paracelsus
Who is known as the Father of Experimental Biology?
William Harvey
Irishman _____ was the first to publish the law of inverse gas pressure.
Boyle
English chemist _____ discovered several important chemical substances: ammonia, oxygen, nitrous oxide (laughing gas), hydrochloric acid, and carbon dioxide, among others.
Priestley
_____ of the Netherlands greatly improved the microscope by making lenses that could magnify up to 160 times.
Leeuwenhoek
_____ from Flanders devised a way to map the earth on a flat surface.
Mercator
What English philosopher was one of the inductive method or reasoning?
What important book did he write?
Sir Francis Bacon
Novum Organum
What name is given to the idea that everything in the universe is part of one substance called “God”?
Pantheism
Who was the leading advocate of Pantheism?
Baruch Spinoza
