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World History > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the two principal authorities for truth during the Middle Ages?

A

ancient philosophers and church tradition

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2
Q

List three (four given) new instruments that aided scientific investigation of the physical world.

A

telescopes, microscopes, thermometers, barometers

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3
Q

What Polish astronomer challenged the theory of an earth-centered universe?

A

Copernicus

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4
Q

What was Copernicus’s theory/view called?

A

heliocentric (sun-centered) theory

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5
Q

What contribution did Edward Jenner make to the field of medicine?

A

developed the smallpox vaccination

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6
Q

Who is the Father of Modern Chemistry?

A

Lavoisier

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7
Q

The Age of Reason was during what centuries?

A

seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

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8
Q

Scientists use the _____ when seeking answers to their questions about the physical world.

A

Scientific Method

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9
Q

From the Renaissance to the eighteenth century, scientific inquiry and achievement advanced so rapidly that historians often speak of a _____.

A

scientific revolution

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10
Q

What were the affects of the scientific revolution?

A

⇒greatly increased man’s knowledge of the physical universe

⇒Old myths and legends were discarded as men discovered the principles that God established to govern His creation

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11
Q

What German astronomer agreed with Copernicus that the sun was the center of the universe, but thought that the orbits were elliptical (oval-shaped) rather than Copernicus’s theory of the rotations being circular?

A

Kepler

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12
Q

What German astronomer asked God to keep his investigations free from personal bias?

A

Kepler

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13
Q

Who is possibly the best-known astronomer in history?

A

Galileo (Galilei)

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14
Q

What do we remember Newton best for?

A

his discovery of the laws of gravity

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15
Q

Who wrote On the Fabric of the Human Body?

A

Vesalius

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16
Q

What famous Roman physician suggested that since the human body is chemical in nature, chemicals should be used to treat disease.

A

Paracelsus

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17
Q

Who is known as the Father of Experimental Biology?

A

William Harvey

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18
Q

Irishman _____ was the first to publish the law of inverse gas pressure.

A

Boyle

19
Q

English chemist _____ discovered several important chemical substances: ammonia, oxygen, nitrous oxide (laughing gas), hydrochloric acid, and carbon dioxide, among others.

A

Priestley

20
Q

_____ of the Netherlands greatly improved the microscope by making lenses that could magnify up to 160 times.

A

Leeuwenhoek

21
Q

_____ from Flanders devised a way to map the earth on a flat surface.

A

Mercator

22
Q

What English philosopher was one of the inductive method or reasoning?

What important book did he write?

A

Sir Francis Bacon

Novum Organum

23
Q

What name is given to the idea that everything in the universe is part of one substance called “God”?

A

Pantheism

24
Q

Who was the leading advocate of Pantheism?

A

Baruch Spinoza

25
Q

What were the most prominent spokesmen of the “enlightened” attitude called?

What country were they from?

A

Philosophes

France

26
Q

What aspect of English government did the French philosopher Montesquieu credit as aiding in political liberty?

A

The separation of the three powers of government

27
Q

What famous work did Montesquieu write?

A

The Spirit of Laws

28
Q

What aspects of biblical Christianity did some Enlightenment philosophers and scientists reject?

Why?

A

Orthodox Christianity

It didn’t conform to their new ideas

29
Q

What became the new religion of the Age of Reason?

A

Deism

30
Q

Name three major Pietst leaders in Germany.

A

Philipp Spener
August Francke
Nickolaus Von Zinzendorf

31
Q

Who is the founder of the Methodists?

A

John Wesley

32
Q

Who is known as the Father of English Hymnody?

A

Isaac Watts

33
Q

Who is considered the greatest English hymn writer of all time?

A

Charles Wesley

34
Q

What www the name of the spiritual revival in America that climaxed in the 1740s?

A

Great Awakening

35
Q

What man from Massachusetts was the most famous preacher during this American revival?

A

Jonathan Edwards

36
Q

What famous sermon did Jonathan Edwards deliver?

A

Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

37
Q

Who delivered the sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God?

A

Jonathan Edwards

38
Q

What artistic age spanning from 1600 to 1750 is characterized by its grand, heroic, sensual, and emotional style?

A

Baroque

39
Q

Who was one of the most famous architects of the seventeenth century?

What did he design?

A

Giovanni Bernin

Beautiful fountains for Roman plazas and the expansive colonnades outside St. Peter’s Basilica

40
Q

List two characteristics of the rococo style.

A

Small

Shell-like

41
Q

Who is the most famous composer of oratorios of this period?

A

Handel

42
Q

What is his best-known and best-loved oratorio?

A

Messiah

43
Q

Who wrote Robinson Crusoe?

A

Daniel Defoe

44
Q

Of what literary form was Robinson Crusoe a forerunner?

A

Prose Writing

World History (18 decks)

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