Chapter 21

Question 1

What is a dole?

Answer 1

government relief for the unemployed

Question 2

Who was the leader of the Labour Party?

Answer 2

Ramsay MacDonald

Question 3

In 1936, the political parties in France, calling themselves the Popular Front, managed to gain control of the government, naming _____ as prime minister.

Answer 3

Léon Blum

Question 4

What did many Frenchmen believe would stop any German attack?

Answer 4

the Maginot Line

Question 5

The seeming prosperity of the 1920s came to a sudden end when the stock market collapsed in (Month) (Year), triggering a drop in prices, a decline in foreigh trade, the closing of factories, the failure of banks, and a dramatic rise in unempolyment.

Answer 5

October 1929

Question 6

Who was elected president in 1932?

Answer 6

Franklin Roosevelt

Question 7

After his inauguration, Roosevelt began immediately to promote his program of relief, recovery, and reform under the name of the _____.

Answer 7

New Deal

Question 8

Define a bureaucracy.

Answer 8

the nonelected officials who handle government affairs

Question 9

What are the 6 characteristics of a totalitarian state?

Answer 9

1. Use of propaganda to promote the ideas and programs of the state.
2. Use of an efficient secret police to arrest or assassinate those who opposed the state and its policies.
3. Emphasis upon the goals of the state rather than upon individual rights or concerns.
4. State control of every aspect of life–political, economic, cultural, educational, and religious.
5. A government maintained by force and not accountable to the people for its actions.
6. A one-party political system led by a powerful dictator.

Question 10

Define propaganda.

Answer 10

materials and methods of indoctrination

Question 11

Alexander II’s successor, _____, attempted to suppress revolutionary ideas and activities.

Answer 11

Alexander III

Question 12

Alexander III’s harsh policies were continued under his son _____.

Answer 12

Nicholas II

Question 13

Philosophical differences within the party caused a small group called the _____ to break away from the larger, more moderate group known as the Mensheviks.

Answer 13

Bolshevids

Question 14

What years was the Russo-Japanese War fought?

Answer 14

1904-05

Question 15

What was Bloody Sunday?

Answer 15

A peaceful procession of two hundred thousand singing men, women, and children moved toward the palace. They never reached the palace because they were met by the government soldiers who opened fire, killing scores of people and wounding many more.

Question 16

Nicholas II issued the October Manifesto, promising a constitutional government with free speech and a national assembly, called the _____, to be elected by the people.

Answer 16

Duma

Question 17

To try to save the military situation, Nicholas II personally took command of the troops, leaving the empress at home under the evil influence of the monk _____.

Answer 17

Rasputin

Question 18

In the months following the fall of czar Nicholas II, a provisional government headed by Menchevik _____ tried its best to restore order.

Answer 18

Alexander Kerensky

Question 19

Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks?

Answer 19

Vladimir Lenin

Question 20

Through the efforts of _____, the Communists organized the so=called Red Army.

Answer 20

Leon Trotsky

Question 21

During the violent days of civil war, Lennin instituted a tightly regulated system of economic controls that he called _____.

Answer 21

war communism

Question 22

As signs of deep resentment against the war Communist system began mounting, the government abandoned its policy of war communism and in 1921 instituted the _____.

Answer 22

New Economic Policy

Question 23

in 1928, _____ ended the New Economic Policy and embarked on a series of programs called the Five-Year Plans.

Answer 23

Stalin

Question 24

What does collectivize mean?

Answer 24

bring under central government control

Question 25

To accomplish his goal, Stalin instituted a system of _____s in which eight hundred thousand Communist Party members were murdered, including many of the ruling elite.

Answer 25

purge(s)

Question 26

To further his (Stalin’s) goal, he established the “Communist International,” commonly called the _____.

Answer 26

Comintern

Question 27

What is German fascism usually called?

Answer 27

Nazism

Question 28

What are the 4 differences between communism and fascism?

Answer 28

1. Under fascism, businesses are privately owned byt rigorously controlled by the government. Under communism, however, the government both owns and controls business.
2. Fascism is highly nationalistic; communism ideally seeks a classless, international society.
3. A military dictatorship usually openly governs a fascist state; communism deceptively emphasizes the “dictatorship of the proletariat.”
4. Fascism glorifies the state; communism teaches that the state will gradually wither away.

Question 29

What does Il Duce mean?

Answer 29

“leader” or “commander”

Question 30

The weaknesses of Germany helped prepare the way for the rise to power of one of the most murderous and tyrannical dictators of modern history, _____.

Answer 30

Adolf Hitler

Question 31

While in prison, Adolf Hitler wrote a book titled _____ which means _____.

Answer 31

Mein Kampf (“My Struggle”)

Question 32

What is the name of the Nazi symbol?

Answer 32

swastika (“broken cross”)

Question 33

What were the Gestapo?

Answer 33

secret police

Question 34

What are Autobahnens?

Answer 34

Superhighways

Question 35

In _____, the artist tries to paint how he feels about his subject rather than trying to reproduce realistically what he sees.

Answer 35

expressionism

Question 36

In _____, the artist tries to paint what he sees in nature onto the canvas.

Answer 36

cubism

Question 37

Mr. Simms said to remember what about architecture?

Answer 37

It changes around this time period.

Question 38

Who wrote “The Waste Land,” and “The Hollow Men”?

Answer 38

T.S. Eliot