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PY > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Motivation

A

Process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological herds or wants are met

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2
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

Activity directed towards achieving an external goal
Bc get money, get an A, get fame

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3
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Activity directed towards satisfying internal values or demands
Bc want to learn, value others, value integrity

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4
Q

Power of theory

A

Kurt Lewis “there is nothing so practical as a good theory”

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5
Q

Unpublished George theory

A

We do things for one of three reason or combo of them
1. Brings pleasure or satisfaction
2. Accomplishes a desired goal
3. Action consisten with value system (that we choose not to violate)

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6
Q

Greene Nisbett study

A

Two groups
One told to color for fun
Other told to color opportunities money
Six weeks later one colored w pleasure other wondered when got paid

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7
Q

Jewish tailor

A

Decreasing pay every day, got mad and quit bc expecting hpsame high pay

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8
Q

Instincts

A

Biologically determine and innate (natural) patterns of behavior that exist in both people and animals

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9
Q

Need

A

Requirement of something necessary for the survival of the organisms like food or water

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10
Q

Animals

A

Behavior controlled by instincts

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11
Q

Humans

A

Behavior guided by instincts
Cognitions can override instincts- cognitive control part of successful living
Cognitive control lacked by serial killers- want it, take it

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12
Q

Can instinct ps be categorized

A

No bc produce names w/o explanation

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13
Q

Drive reduction theory

A

Approach to motivation that assumes behavior rides from internal drives to push organism to satisfy physiological needs and reduce tension and arousal
Clark Hull

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14
Q

Drive

A

Psychological tension and physical arousal when there is need that motivates organism to act to fulfill need and reduce tension

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15
Q

Primary drives

A

Basic needs of humans
Hunger thirst

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16
Q

Secondary drives

A

Acquired drives
Learned through experience or conditioning
Need for money or social approval- string of connections

17
Q

Homeostasis

A

Sigmund freud
Tendency of body to maintain steady state
Reduce tension

18
Q

David McClelland

A

Instinctual needs that vary hugely from one person to another
nAff (need for affiliation)
nPow (need for power)
nAch (need for achievement)

19
Q

Carol Dweck

A

Self-theory of motivation
Out self concept has a huge impact on one’s need for achievement
nAch lower if think stupid compared to if think smart

20
Q

Donal Hebb

A

Arousal theory
Optimal level of arousal explains both introversion-extroversion and peoples motivation to do certain activities
Sensation seeker is one who enjoys operating at a high level of arousal

21
Q

Introversion

A

Seek to reduce stimuli

22
Q

Extroversion

A

Seek to increase stimuli

23
Q

Incentive approaches

A

Theories of motivation in which behavior is explained as a response to th en external stimulus and its rewarding properties
Win medal, gain respect, get money

24
Q

Humanistic approaches

A

Abraham Maslow hierarchy of needs
Level must be met before achieving self actualization- seldom reached and sufficiently satisfied lower needs and achieved full human potential
Peak experiences: temporary self actualization

25
Q

Self determining theory

A

3 basic human needs
Autonomy: need to be in control of one’s behavior
Competence: need to master challenges in life
Relatedness: need to be in a relationship with others
All three required for satisfaction in life

26
Q

Causes of hunger

A

Physiological/hormonal: insulin (control fats, proteins, and carbs by increase glucose- blood sugar in blood stream) and leptin (hormone that signals hypothalamus that body has had enough food so reduces appetite
Social: not to be rude w others, depression, ect

27
Q

BMI

A

Body mass index
Common metric of underweight, acceptable weight, and overweight
Less that 18.5 underweight
18.5-25 acceptable weight
25-30 overweight
30+ obese

28
Q

Obesity in Alabama

A

74% overweight/obese
34% overweight
39% obese
Epidemic
MS higher %

29
Q

Set point

A

Body tends to maintain a particular level of weight
Set points change over time

30
Q

Metabolic rates

A

High metabolism resistant to weight gain
Low metabolism likely to gain weight

31
Q

Ford nickel

A

Childhood patterns of eating continue in future lifetime pattern- ideal weight for life

32
Q

Charles Duhigg

A

Habits
Certain consequence importantes, will make practices that cause certain consequences part of daily pattern

33
Q

Reduction of physical education

A

And elimination of all need for exertion through modern tech
Eliminate need for any exercise

34
Q

Obesity factors

A

Heredity
Hormones
Overeating
Fast food
Carb/simple sugars
Stress
Low metabolism
No exercise

35
Q

Weight loose techniques

A

Specific food at set time
Emotional triggers
Raw and natural
Water
Exercise

36
Q

Emotions

A

3 components
Physiological arousal
Inner awareness of feeling
Behaviors that reveal feelings (facials)

37
Q

6 basic emotions

A

Happiness
Disgust
Sadness
Anger
Suprise
Fear

38
Q

Theories of emotions

A

Common sense- feel fear
James-Lange- physiological arousal, feel fear
Connon-Bard- distinguish type of arousal, physiological arousal and feel fear simultaneously
Lazarus cognitive mediational theory- appraisal of threat, feel fear

39
Q

Schachter-Singer

A

Stanley and Richard
Physiological arousal -> cognitive interpretation -> feeling experienced
Angry Confederate and goofy person
Snarling dog is dangerous and that makes me afraid
Psychological arousal and actual interpretation of arousal based on cues from environment must occur before emotion itself is experienced

PY (13 decks)

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