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Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness

A

Person’s awareness of everything going on around them at a give time
Self-awareness of our own thought processes

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2
Q

Waking consciousness

A

Thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized

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3
Q

Altered States of consciousness

A

Shift in quality or pattern of mental activities
Increased alertness, automatic processes, decreased alertness, and an graduations inbetween
Caused by: distraction, fatigue, emotional trauma, under the influence

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4
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

Cycle of bodily rhythm over a 24 hour period
Waking and sleeping pattern

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5
Q

Importance of a stable rhythm

A

Insomnia is caused by absence of a stable circadian rhythm

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6
Q

Sleep required

A

Decreases with age
Range from 4 to 20 hours

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7
Q

Disruption

A

Occasional disruption is not a problem, absence of a pattern is

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8
Q

Day light savings

A

Fall back in the fall
Spring forward in the spring

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9
Q

Stefania Follini

A

Underground for 4 months with no sense of time
Awake 20
Awake 40 hours
Slept 16-20 hours
Menstruation stopped
Sense of passage of time slowed down

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10
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Tiny section of brain that influence granular system
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN): sensitive to changes in light
When it gets darker SCN tells pineal gland to secrete melatonin
Accumulation of melatonin suppresses neurons in brain that keep us awake resulting in sleepiness

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11
Q

Microsleeps

A

When we are fatigue- not good when driving

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12
Q

Adaptive theory

A

Evolutionary viewpoint; more predators = less sleep and vice versa

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13
Q

Restorative theory

A

Replenish chemicals, repair cellular damage, and restore positive ions
Highest level occurs at deeper stages of sleep

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14
Q

Sleep deprivation

A

Consequences:
Trembling
Inattentiin
“Sleep eyes”
General discomfort
Irritability
Depression
Compromise of immune system
Weight gain
Increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease
3 to 4 days is limit for humans with risk of hallucinations and brain damage

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15
Q

Stages of sleep

A

Waking, REM, N1, N2, N3

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16
Q

Awake and alert

A

Beta waves

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17
Q

Awake and relaxed

A

Alpha waves

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18
Q

REM

A

Rapid eye movement sleep
Associated with dreaming, dreams are more vivid, detailed, longer, and bizarre
Waves resemble beta waves

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19
Q

Non-REM

A

N1, N2, N3
Dreams occur but shorter and realistic

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20
Q

N1

A

Theta waves
Hypnic jerk

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21
Q

N2

A

Theta waves
Sleep spindles (Burts of energy)

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22
Q

N3

A

Deepest sleep
Delta waves
Greatest restoration and growth occurs
Body at lowest level of functioning

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23
Q

REM rebound

A

Increased amount of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep previously

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24
Q

Sleep paralysis

A

Inability of voluntary muscles to move during REM sleep
During nightmares body can become paralyzed- difficulty getting out of horror

25
REM behavior disorder
Mechanism that blocks voluntary movement of muscles fails which causes people to get up and act our dreams
26
Nightmares
Specific images Bad dreams in REM sleep
27
Night terrors
Intense fear and scream but doesn’t fully wake up No specific images
28
Sleepwalking
Somnambulism Walking or moving around during sleep Genetic influence Occurs during deep sleep Defense against crimes
29
Insomnia
Inability to get sleep, stay asleep, or get good quality sleep
30
Minimizing stress and worry
Does my feeling of stress help resolve the situation that causes the stress? No Choose to not feel stressed
31
FDR
“We have nothing to fear except fear itself” Fear is paralyzing and prevents us from doing what we can
32
Edward Everett Hale
I am only one But I am one I can not do everything But I can do something I will never allow what I can not do To prevent me from doing what I can do
33
Sleep apnea
Person stops breathing for 30+ seconds in sleep Linked to snoring, wake up gaspong
34
Narcolepsy
Person falls immediately to REM sleep during the day without warning Excessive sleepiness Falling asleep at inappropriate places and times
35
Cataplexy
Sudden loss of muscle tone
36
Freud (Dreams)
Unconscious wish fulfillment
37
Manifest content
Actual events of the dream itself
38
Latent content
True, hidden meaning behind a dream
39
Activation-synthesis hypothesis
Dreams are a result of random neural activity being pieced together
40
Activation-information-mode model (AIM)
Information accessed during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams Has a purpose
41
Hypnosis
State of consciousness in which the person is especially susceptible to suggestion
42
Hypnosis facts
Create amnesia Relieve pain Alter sensory perceptions Relax in stressful situations
43
Hypnosis myths
Give superhuman strength Reliably enhance memory Regress back to childhood/past life
44
Hypnosis as association
Hidden observer remains aware Hypnosis works in person's immediate consciousness
45
Hypnosis as social role-playing
Social-cognitive theory of hypnosis Hypnotized people playing role expected of them (not in an altered state)
46
Psychoactive drugs
Chemical substances that after thinking, perception, and memory
47
Physical dependence
Body is unable to function normally w/o particular drug
48
Drug tolerance
Increased amounts of drug need to achieve same effect
49
Withdrawal
Physical symptoms resulting from lack of an addictive drug in body systems Nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness, high blood pressure
50
Dependency
Drugs enter reward pathway causing release of dopamine and intense pleasure Brain adapts by decreasing synaptic receptors for dopamine More drugs need to get some pleasure response
51
Psychological dependence
Feeling that a drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well-being Can be any drug
52
Stimulants
Drugs that increase functioning of nervous system (up, up and away) Amphetamines Cocaine Nicotine Caffeine
53
Depressants
Drugs that decrease the functioning of the nervous system (down in the valley) Barbiturates Benzodiazepines (Xanax) Rohlypnol (date rape)
54
Alcohol
Depressants Fermentation/distillation of various kinds of vegetable matter Most commonly used and abused depressant
55
Opiates
Depressant Suppress sensation of pain by binding to and stimulating nervous systems natural receptor sites for endorphins Opium, morphine, heroin
56
Opioids
Synthetically created drugs that act like opiates when taken for pain Fentanyl, mrthadone
57
Hallucinogens
Drugs that cause false sensory messages, altering the perception of reality
58
Manufactured highs
Developed in lab LSD, PCP, MDMA (Ecstasy or X)
59
Non manufactured high
Naturally occurring Marijuana (cannabis) Effects: feelings of wellbeing, mild intoxication, minor sensory distortion or hallucinations, intense psychological addiction, damage to lungs, DUI, Medical benefits: Treatment for nausea p, chronic pain, depression, ptsd Legalization hasn’t led to increased use

PY (13 decks)

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