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PY > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness

A

Person’s awareness of everything going on around them at a give time
Self-awareness of our own thought processes

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2
Q

Waking consciousness

A

Thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized

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3
Q

Altered States of consciousness

A

Shift in quality or pattern of mental activities
Increased alertness, automatic processes, decreased alertness, and an graduations inbetween
Caused by: distraction, fatigue, emotional trauma, under the influence

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4
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

Cycle of bodily rhythm over a 24 hour period
Waking and sleeping pattern

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5
Q

Importance of a stable rhythm

A

Insomnia is caused by absence of a stable circadian rhythm

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6
Q

Sleep required

A

Decreases with age
Range from 4 to 20 hours

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7
Q

Disruption

A

Occasional disruption is not a problem, absence of a pattern is

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8
Q

Day light savings

A

Fall back in the fall
Spring forward in the spring

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9
Q

Stefania Follini

A

Underground for 4 months with no sense of time
Awake 20
Awake 40 hours
Slept 16-20 hours
Menstruation stopped
Sense of passage of time slowed down

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10
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Tiny section of brain that influence granular system
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN): sensitive to changes in light
When it gets darker SCN tells pineal gland to secrete melatonin
Accumulation of melatonin suppresses neurons in brain that keep us awake resulting in sleepiness

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11
Q

Microsleeps

A

When we are fatigue- not good when driving

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12
Q

Adaptive theory

A

Evolutionary viewpoint; more predators = less sleep and vice versa

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13
Q

Restorative theory

A

Replenish chemicals, repair cellular damage, and restore positive ions
Highest level occurs at deeper stages of sleep

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14
Q

Sleep deprivation

A

Consequences:
Trembling
Inattentiin
“Sleep eyes”
General discomfort
Irritability
Depression
Compromise of immune system
Weight gain
Increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease
3 to 4 days is limit for humans with risk of hallucinations and brain damage

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15
Q

Stages of sleep

A

Waking, REM, N1, N2, N3

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16
Q

Awake and alert

A

Beta waves

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17
Q

Awake and relaxed

A

Alpha waves

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18
Q

REM

A

Rapid eye movement sleep
Associated with dreaming, dreams are more vivid, detailed, longer, and bizarre
Waves resemble beta waves

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19
Q

Non-REM

A

N1, N2, N3
Dreams occur but shorter and realistic

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20
Q

N1

A

Theta waves
Hypnic jerk

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21
Q

N2

A

Theta waves
Sleep spindles (Burts of energy)

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22
Q

N3

A

Deepest sleep
Delta waves
Greatest restoration and growth occurs
Body at lowest level of functioning

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23
Q

REM rebound

A

Increased amount of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep previously

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24
Q

Sleep paralysis

A

Inability of voluntary muscles to move during REM sleep
During nightmares body can become paralyzed- difficulty getting out of horror

25
Q

REM behavior disorder

A

Mechanism that blocks voluntary movement of muscles fails which causes people to get up and act our dreams

26
Q

Nightmares

A

Specific images
Bad dreams in REM sleep

27
Q

Night terrors

A

Intense fear and scream but doesn’t fully wake up
No specific images

28
Q

Sleepwalking

A

Somnambulism
Walking or moving around during sleep
Genetic influence
Occurs during deep sleep
Defense against crimes

29
Q

Insomnia

A

Inability to get sleep, stay asleep, or get good quality sleep

30
Q

Minimizing stress and worry

A

Does my feeling of stress help resolve the situation that causes the stress? No
Choose to not feel stressed

31
Q

FDR

A

“We have nothing to fear except fear itself”
Fear is paralyzing and prevents us from doing what we can

32
Q

Edward Everett Hale

A

I am only one
But I am one
I can not do everything
But I can do something
I will never allow what I can not do
To prevent me from doing what I can do

33
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Person stops breathing for 30+ seconds in sleep
Linked to snoring, wake up gaspong

34
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Person falls immediately to REM sleep during the day without warning
Excessive sleepiness
Falling asleep at inappropriate places and times

35
Q

Cataplexy

A

Sudden loss of muscle tone

36
Q

Freud (Dreams)

A

Unconscious wish fulfillment

37
Q

Manifest content

A

Actual events of the dream itself

38
Q

Latent content

A

True, hidden meaning behind a dream

39
Q

Activation-synthesis hypothesis

A

Dreams are a result of random neural activity being pieced together

40
Q

Activation-information-mode model (AIM)

A

Information accessed during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams
Has a purpose

41
Q

Hypnosis

A

State of consciousness in which the person is especially susceptible to suggestion

42
Q

Hypnosis facts

A

Create amnesia
Relieve pain
Alter sensory perceptions
Relax in stressful situations

43
Q

Hypnosis myths

A

Give superhuman strength
Reliably enhance memory
Regress back to childhood/past life

44
Q

Hypnosis as association

A

Hidden observer remains aware
Hypnosis works in person’s immediate consciousness

45
Q

Hypnosis as social role-playing

A

Social-cognitive theory of hypnosis
Hypnotized people playing role expected of them (not in an altered state)

46
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

Chemical substances that after thinking, perception, and memory

47
Q

Physical dependence

A

Body is unable to function normally w/o particular drug

48
Q

Drug tolerance

A

Increased amounts of drug need to achieve same effect

49
Q

Withdrawal

A

Physical symptoms resulting from lack of an addictive drug in body systems
Nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness, high blood pressure

50
Q

Dependency

A

Drugs enter reward pathway causing release of dopamine and intense pleasure
Brain adapts by decreasing synaptic receptors for dopamine
More drugs need to get some pleasure response

51
Q

Psychological dependence

A

Feeling that a drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well-being
Can be any drug

52
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs that increase functioning of nervous system (up, up and away)
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Nicotine
Caffeine

53
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs that decrease the functioning of the nervous system (down in the valley)
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines (Xanax)
Rohlypnol (date rape)

54
Q

Alcohol

A

Depressants
Fermentation/distillation of various kinds of vegetable matter
Most commonly used and abused depressant

55
Q

Opiates

A

Depressant
Suppress sensation of pain by binding to and stimulating nervous systems natural receptor sites for endorphins
Opium, morphine, heroin

56
Q

Opioids

A

Synthetically created drugs that act like opiates when taken for pain
Fentanyl, mrthadone

57
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Drugs that cause false sensory messages, altering the perception of reality

58
Q

Manufactured highs

A

Developed in lab
LSD, PCP, MDMA (Ecstasy or X)

59
Q

Non manufactured high

A

Naturally occurring
Marijuana (cannabis)
Effects:
feelings of wellbeing, mild intoxication, minor sensory distortion or hallucinations, intense psychological addiction, damage to lungs, DUI,
Medical benefits:
Treatment for nausea p, chronic pain, depression, ptsd
Legalization hasn’t led to increased use

PY (13 decks)

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