Chapter 11

Question 1

Stress

Answer 1

Physical, emotional, cognitive, no behavioral responses to events that are appraised as the rearing or challenging

Question 2

Stressors

Answer 2

Events that cause stress reaction

Question 3

Distress

Answer 3

Effect of unpleasant and undesirable stressors

Question 4

Eustress

Answer 4

Effect of positive effects
Positive events cause arousal a DN consume energy
Ie: vacation
Associated with optimal level of stress to promote accomplishment and health

Question 5

Catastrophe

Answer 5

Hurricane, flood, tornado, wartime devastation
Most severe stressors

Question 6

Holmes and Rahe Social readjustment rating scale

Answer 6

Record average levels of stress associated with different events
Stress correlates to illness
Cons: Many stressors not on list and same situation causes many different stress reaction per individual
Instructive but be aware of limits
Death high and career change low

Question 7

CUSS

Answer 7

College undergraduate stress scale
Holmes and Rahe scale but for undergraduates

Question 8

Richard Lazarus

Answer 8

Hassles scale
Effect of minor frustration on stress
Daily Hassled have greater impact that major changes on health and well-being
Daily hassles minimized by creative thinking (creative thought- 5% thinking)

Question 9

Pressure

Answer 9

Urgent demands or expectations for a persons behavior coming from outside source
Greater demand, greater stress
More severe consequences, more stress

Question 10

Uncontrollability

Answer 10

Need to have certain level of control over life and resources
Unpredictable stressors have severe negative impacts
Work to gain control
Lack can lead to over controlling - equally as bad

Question 11

Frustration

Answer 11

Stress felt by blocking of desired goal or fulfillment of perceived need

Question 12

Frustration aggression hypothesis

Answer 12

John Dollard and Neal Miller: when frustrated, more likely to agree
Leonard berkowitz: frustration causes “readiness to aggression”

Question 13

Displaced aggression

Answer 13

Domino effect

Question 14

Escape or withdrawal

Answer 14

Physical - leave setting
Psychological - fantasy or drug abuse

Question 15

Approach - approach conflict

Answer 15

Choice between two desirable goals
Two good college

Question 16

Avoidance - avoidance conflict

Answer 16

Choice between two undesirable goals
Rock and a hard place

Question 17

Approach - avoidance conflict

Answer 17

Both positive and negative consequences to either choice but have to choose (one choice)
Writing stats textbook

Question 18

Double/multiple approach - avoidance

Answer 18

Must choose among 2+ choices with both desirable and undesirable consequences
College

Question 19

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 19

Fight or flight
Arousal to deal w a situation

Question 20

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 20

Recovery from arousal back to normalcy

Question 21

General adaption syndrome

Answer 21

Hans Seyle
Alarm: even occurs, symp n.s. activated - equivalent to arousal
Resistance: effort to deal with situation, continues until resolution or depletion of resources
Exhaustion: body resources gone
Game time setting

Question 22

Immune system

Answer 22

Cells, organs, and chemicals of body that responds to attacks from disease, infections, and injuries
Strong immune system for good health

Question 23

Psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 23

Study of effects of psychological factors such as stress, emotions, thoughts, and behaviors on immune system

Question 24

Stress and immune system

Answer 24

Healthy levels of stress benefit immune functioning
Too much stress compromises immune system and leads to serious physiological and psychological consequences

Question 25

Allostasis

Answer 25

Concept of homeostasis (absence of stress or tension) Maintaining stability through changes too great for system to handle Vs healthy level of stress

Question 26

Health repisas of too much stress

Answer 26

Coronary heart disease: every aspect of heart disease (high BP, heart disease, heart attacks) Diabetes and obesity: type 2 body resisten to insulin effect or can’t secrete enough insulin to maintain glucose levels Cancer: suppressing effect of stress on immune system makes people more susceptible to cancer High illness, depression, mental disability

Question 27

Health psychology

Answer 27

Study of how physical activities, psychological straits, stress reactions, and solfial relationships affect overall rate of illness

Question 28

Cognitive factors in stress

Answer 28

Richard Lazarus Appraisal of our situation often produces a stress reaction

Question 29

Primary appraisals

Answer 29

How threatening is the event to well-being Initial take on whether event is a threat Stressor is challenge not threat

Question 30

Secondary appraisal

Answer 30

Do I have resources to deal w stressor If resources adequate good If not stress will continue or discover new way of dealing with it

Question 31

Arousal and performance

Answer 31

Inverted U described ideal levels of arousal Simple task, high arousal Med task, med arousal Hard task, low arousal

Question 32

Coping strategies

Answer 32

Apá tino to master, tolerate, reduce, or minimize effects of stressors

Question 33

Problem focused coping

Answer 33

Change situation

Question 34

Emotion focused coping

Answer 34

Change emotional response to situation

Question 35

Trama resolution scheme

Answer 35

5 it’s Admit it Vent it Plan it Do it Forget it

Question 36

Recondition self

Answer 36

Change in Self talk Choose not to feel stress

Question 37

Don’t trivialize

Answer 37

Appreciate magnitude of ur challenge and let response be of equal magnitude Takes time and hard work

Question 38

Appreciate blessings

Answer 38

Positive things in life

Question 39

Avoid stinkin thinking

Answer 39

Flip side of appreciate blessings Immerse self Associate with Read Surrounding influence thinking resulting in growth or stagnation

Question 40

Spirituality and coping

Answer 40

Positive effects of spirituality: low stress, higher sense of meaning, optimism, care for others contribution Church goers: friendships, marriage, less addiction, generous, purpose and meaning in life

Question 41

Meditation

Answer 41

Concentration meditation: focus on mind on repetitive stimuli to clear mind of disturbing thoughts Mindfulness meditation: pay attention to present moment without judgement or evaluation

Question 42

Social support

Answer 42

Social support system: network of friends, family, neighbors, coworkers, other ps that support or aid person in need Single greatest predictor of recovery from divorce

Question 43

Cultural differences in stress and coping

Answer 43

Diversity in culture Learn from each other