Chapter 9

Question 1

___ is the ability to have a grasp on a situation or information without the need for reasoning.

Answer 1

Intuition

Question 2

__ decision making which is when individuals use analysis, facts and a step-by-step process to come to a decision.

Answer 2

Rational Decision Making

Question 3

__-Yetton-Jago __ Decision Model

Which decision model explains the differences between authoritative, consultative, and democratic types of leadership by offering five forms of leadership decision making?

Answer 3

Vroom-Yetton-Jago Normative Decision Model

Question 4

Decide or __ Decision I

In this form, Peter, the general manager of the park, would make the choice alone without any outside consultation, and then he would sell the decision to the group.

Vroom-Yetton-Jago Normative Decision Model

Answer 4

Decide or Autocratic Decision I

Question 5

Consult __ or Autocratic Decision II

In this model, the manager solicits opinions from each member of his staff individually and then still makes the final decision by himself.

Vroom-Yetton-Jago Normative Decision Model

Answer 5

Consult individually, or Autocratic Decision II.

Question 6

Consult Group or __ Decision I

In this form, the manager describes the issue to all employees in a meeting and listens to their input. He then still makes the final decision by himself?

Vroom-Yetton-Jago Normative Decision Model

Answer 6

Consult Group, or Consultative Decision I

Question 7

This type of leadership model relies on presenting the issue to the group in a meeting where the manager acts as a moderator.

This model is dependent upon consultation between the manager and group members. In fact, the manager’s opinions are given the same weight as the rest of the group members’.

The final outcome of this exercise should be concurrent on the decision.

What does this describe?

Vroom-Yetton-Jago Normative Decision Model

Answer 7

Facilitate, or Consultative II.

Question 8

__ or Group Decision

In this situation, the manager allows the group to decide on the final outcome. The manager has no real input, and the problem is given to the group to solve?

What does this leadership choice does this describe?

Vroom-Yetton-Jago Normative Decision Model

Answer 8

Delegate, or Group Decision.

Question 9

The Vroom-Yetton-Jago Normative Decision Model helps managers determine which type of decision-making strategy to use.

True or False?

Answer 9

True

Question 10

__ making is the selection of a procedure to weigh alternatives and find a solution to a problem.

Answer 10

Decision

Question 11

Dir__

A __ style of decision making is rational and autocratic, which results in the leader using his own knowledge, experience and judgment to choose the best alternative.

Answer 11

Directive

Question 12

Con__

A leader who uses a ___ style focuses on long-term results, brainstorming of alternatives, creative approaches to problem solving and taking higher risks.

Decision Making Style

Answer 12

Conceptual

Question 13

Ana__

__ is the third style of decision making and uses direct observations, facts and data to determine the best outcome.

Decision Making Style

Answer 13

Analytical

Question 14

Beh__

In this form, the leader will explain the problem and alternatives to the group with pertinent information and then negotiate. Usually, many ideas are developed, and negotiations are needed to come up with a final proposal.

It works with a team to make a decision.

Decision Making Style

Answer 14

Behavioral

Question 15

What is the biggest downfall of Analytical decision making?

Decision Making Style

Answer 15

It is time consuming.

Question 16

Biases or Judgement Errors?

Randomness Error and Risk Aversion are biases or errors?

Answer 16

Judgement Errors

Question 17

Ran__ Error

What judgement error does this describe:

Creating meaning out of random events based on false information or superstition.

Answer 17

Randomness Error

Question 18

What judgement error does this describe:

Accepting minimal success to stay at low risk.

Answer 18

Risk Aversion

Question 19

Does this describe judgement error or common biases?

Business errors or mistakes that occur due to poor decision making.

Answer 19

Judgement Errors

Question 20

Does this describe judgement error or common biases?

Prejudices or decisions that are not fair and balanced.

Answer 20

Common Biases

Question 21

Over__ Bias

What type of bias does this describe?

A higher confidence of their capabilities than actual skills and experience will support.

Answer 21

Overconfidence Bias

Question 22

Anc__ Bias

What type of bias does this describe?

Relying too heavily on one piece of information.

Answer 22

Anchoring Bias

Question 23

Con__ Bias

What type of bias does this describe?

Using only data that confirms a decision.

Answer 23

Confirmation Bias

Question 24

Hin__ Bias

What type of bias does this describe?

Falsely believing you predicted the result of a decision after the outcome is known.

Answer 24

Hindsight Bias

Question 25

Ava__ Bias

What type of bias does this describe?

Thinking something will occur because of examples in the past that come easily to mind.

Answer 25

Avaliability Bias

Question 26

Escalation of __

What type of bias does this describe?

Selling and marketing bad products just because of high initial investment.

Answer 26

Escalation of Commitment