Chapter 9-10 Flashcards
The natural nail is part of what system?
Integumentary
The natural nail is composed mainly of a hard, fiber-shaped _____.
Protein
Describe the nail plate
Visible portion of the nail which rests on the nail bed
As it grows, the _____ slides across the nail bed.
Nail Plate
The nail plate is formed by the _____.
Matrix Cells
What appears to be one solid piece, but is actually constructed of about 100 layers of nail cells?
Nail Plate
The part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe is called the _____.
Free Edge
The portion of living skin that supports the nail plate is the nail _____.
Bed
What part of the nail unit is richly supplied with blood vessels and with nerves?
Nail Bed
The nail bed contains many nerves and is attached to the nail plate with a thin layer of tissue called the _____.
Bed Epithelium
Karen is very nervous at her first job interview. Her hands are sweating so much that she thinks her fingernails are sweating. In reality, from which part of the nail unit is the sweat most likely arising?
Nail Folds
Nail polish is applied to the _____.
Nail Plate
The area of the nail where the nail plate cells are formed is the _____.
Matrix
The lighter color of the _____ shows the true color of the matrix.
Lunula
The dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate is the _____.
Cuticle
The living skin at the base of the nail plate is the _____.
Eponychium
The slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and the free edge of the natural nail plate is the _____.
Hyponychium
When clipping his own nails, Jose accidentally (and painfully) clips the skin under the nail between the fingertip and the free edge. What has he clipped?
Hyponychium
The tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones is the _____.
Ligament
The nail bed and matrix bed are attached to the underlying bone by _____.
Ligament
The skin that overlaps the side of the nail is called the _____.
Sidewall
Normal, healthy nails grow in a variety of shapes, depending upon the shape of the _____.
Matrix
A longer nail matrix produces a _____ nail plate.
Thicker
Nail growth rates increase dramatically during _____.
The Last Trimester of Pregnancy
As a person ages, parts of the nail matrix begin to permanently slow down production, causing _____.
Grooves
The surface of a healthy natural nail should be _____.
Shiny, Smooth, and Unspotted with No Ridges, Pits, or Splits
Clients with skin or nails that are infected, inflamed, or swollen should be referred to a(n) _____.
Physician
Visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate that are the result of a major illness or injury are known as _____.
Beau’s Lines
What is a nail condition in which blood clots form under the nail plate due to a small injury of the nail plate?
Bruised Nail
What type of nail has a noticeably thin, white nail plate, and is more flexible than a normal nail?
Eggshell
When the eponychium or other living tissue surrounding the nail plate becomes split or torn, a _____ occurs.
Hangnail
What treatment should be suggested to an individual with a simple hangnail?
Hot Oil Treatment
Redness, pain, and swelling are best described as signs of a(n) ____.
Infection
Minor damage to the matrix that produces a whitish discoloration or white spots on the nails is known as _____.
Leukonychia
Leukonychia spots result from _____.
Injury To The Nail Matrix
A dark band within the nail plate extending from the base to the free edge due to increased pigmentation is known as _____.
Melanonychia
Melanocytes are _____.
Pigment Cells
An individual who bites his or her nails may be said to have _____.
Onychophagy
Split or brittle nails with a series of lengthwise ridges and a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate is known as _____.
Onychorrhexis
Excessive use of _____ can cause onychorrhexis
Cuticle Remover
A highly curved nail plate often called “folded nail,” caused by injury to the matrix or inherited, is a(n) _____.
Plicatured Nail
_____ often leads to ingrown nails.
Onychophagy
Ridges running vertically down the natural nail plate are caused by _____.
Uneven Growth and Age
Physical trauma or injury to the nail bed that damages the capillaries and allows small amounts of blood flow results in _____.
Trumpet Nail
_____ are always be positioned lengthwise in the direction of growth.
Splinter Hemorrhage’s
The disorder in which the edges of the nail plate curl around to form a sharp cone at the free edge is called _____.
Trumpet Nail
Moriah has a nail deformity. The general term for her condition is _____.
Onychosis
Inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shredding of the natural nail plate is known as _____.
Onychia
What nail conditions are contagious?
Onychomycosis
_____ refers to a fungal infection of the nail
Onychomycosis
What parasite, under some conditions, can cause infections to the feet and hands?
Fungi
If a cosmetologist provides a service to a client with a fungal infection, it is _____ that the cosmetologist will get that infection from the client.
Extremely Unlikely
Discolorations of the nail plate from infections of the fingernails or toenails are usually the result of a _____.
Bacterial Infection
A naturally occurring skin bacterium that can grow out of control and cause nail infections, incorrectly referred to as mold, is _____.
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
In the early stages, a typical bacterial infection on the nail plate can be identified as a _____.
Yellow Green Spot
Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate is called _____.
Pyogenic Granuloma
A friend shows you paperwork from a doctor stating that he has tinea pedis. What is his condition?
Athlete’s Foot
Tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate is an indication of _____.
Nail Psoriasis
An ingrown nail is called a(n) is called _____.
Onychocryptosis
The lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding is a sign of _____.
Onycholysis
_____ may be caused by an allergic reaction of the nail bed
Onycholysis
Onychomadesis is the separation and falling off of a nail plate and can typically be traced to _____.
Local Infection
