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Theory Class > Chapter 9-10 > Flashcards

Chapter 9-10 Flashcards

1
Q

The natural nail is part of what system?

A

Integumentary

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2
Q

The natural nail is composed mainly of a hard, fiber-shaped _____.

A

Protein

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3
Q

Describe the nail plate

A

Visible portion of the nail which rests on the nail bed

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4
Q

As it grows, the _____ slides across the nail bed.

A

Nail Plate

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5
Q

The nail plate is formed by the _____.

A

Matrix Cells

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6
Q

What appears to be one solid piece, but is actually constructed of about 100 layers of nail cells?

A

Nail Plate

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7
Q

The part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe is called the _____.

A

Free Edge

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8
Q

The portion of living skin that supports the nail plate is the nail _____.

A

Bed

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9
Q

What part of the nail unit is richly supplied with blood vessels and with nerves?

A

Nail Bed

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10
Q

The nail bed contains many nerves and is attached to the nail plate with a thin layer of tissue called the _____.

A

Bed Epithelium

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11
Q

Karen is very nervous at her first job interview. Her hands are sweating so much that she thinks her fingernails are sweating. In reality, from which part of the nail unit is the sweat most likely arising?

A

Nail Folds

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12
Q

Nail polish is applied to the _____.

A

Nail Plate

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13
Q

The area of the nail where the nail plate cells are formed is the _____.

A

Matrix

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14
Q

The lighter color of the _____ shows the true color of the matrix.

A

Lunula

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15
Q

The dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate is the _____.

A

Cuticle

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16
Q

The living skin at the base of the nail plate is the _____.

A

Eponychium

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17
Q

The slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and the free edge of the natural nail plate is the _____.

A

Hyponychium

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18
Q

When clipping his own nails, Jose accidentally (and painfully) clips the skin under the nail between the fingertip and the free edge. What has he clipped?

A

Hyponychium

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19
Q

The tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones is the _____.

A

Ligament

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20
Q

The nail bed and matrix bed are attached to the underlying bone by _____.

A

Ligament

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21
Q

The skin that overlaps the side of the nail is called the _____.

A

Sidewall

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22
Q

Normal, healthy nails grow in a variety of shapes, depending upon the shape of the _____.

A

Matrix

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23
Q

A longer nail matrix produces a _____ nail plate.

A

Thicker

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24
Q

Nail growth rates increase dramatically during _____.

A

The Last Trimester of Pregnancy

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25
Q

As a person ages, parts of the nail matrix begin to permanently slow down production, causing _____.

A

Grooves

26
Q

The surface of a healthy natural nail should be _____.

A

Shiny, Smooth, and Unspotted with No Ridges, Pits, or Splits

27
Q

Clients with skin or nails that are infected, inflamed, or swollen should be referred to a(n) _____.

A

Physician

28
Q

Visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate that are the result of a major illness or injury are known as _____.

A

Beau’s Lines

29
Q

What is a nail condition in which blood clots form under the nail plate due to a small injury of the nail plate?

A

Bruised Nail

30
Q

What type of nail has a noticeably thin, white nail plate, and is more flexible than a normal nail?

A

Eggshell

31
Q

When the eponychium or other living tissue surrounding the nail plate becomes split or torn, a _____ occurs.

A

Hangnail

32
Q

What treatment should be suggested to an individual with a simple hangnail?

A

Hot Oil Treatment

33
Q

Redness, pain, and swelling are best described as signs of a(n) ____.

A

Infection

34
Q

Minor damage to the matrix that produces a whitish discoloration or white spots on the nails is known as _____.

A

Leukonychia

35
Q

Leukonychia spots result from _____.

A

Injury To The Nail Matrix

36
Q

A dark band within the nail plate extending from the base to the free edge due to increased pigmentation is known as _____.

A

Melanonychia

37
Q

Melanocytes are _____.

A

Pigment Cells

38
Q

An individual who bites his or her nails may be said to have _____.

A

Onychophagy

39
Q

Split or brittle nails with a series of lengthwise ridges and a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate is known as _____.

A

Onychorrhexis

40
Q

Excessive use of _____ can cause onychorrhexis

A

Cuticle Remover

41
Q

A highly curved nail plate often called “folded nail,” caused by injury to the matrix or inherited, is a(n) _____.

A

Plicatured Nail

42
Q

_____ often leads to ingrown nails.

A

Onychophagy

43
Q

Ridges running vertically down the natural nail plate are caused by _____.

A

Uneven Growth and Age

44
Q

Physical trauma or injury to the nail bed that damages the capillaries and allows small amounts of blood flow results in _____.

A

Trumpet Nail

45
Q

_____ are always be positioned lengthwise in the direction of growth.

A

Splinter Hemorrhage’s

46
Q

The disorder in which the edges of the nail plate curl around to form a sharp cone at the free edge is called _____.

A

Trumpet Nail

47
Q

Moriah has a nail deformity. The general term for her condition is _____.

A

Onychosis

48
Q

Inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shredding of the natural nail plate is known as _____.

A

Onychia

49
Q

What nail conditions are contagious?

A

Onychomycosis

50
Q

_____ refers to a fungal infection of the nail

A

Onychomycosis

51
Q

What parasite, under some conditions, can cause infections to the feet and hands?

A

Fungi

52
Q

If a cosmetologist provides a service to a client with a fungal infection, it is _____ that the cosmetologist will get that infection from the client.

A

Extremely Unlikely

53
Q

Discolorations of the nail plate from infections of the fingernails or toenails are usually the result of a _____.

A

Bacterial Infection

54
Q

A naturally occurring skin bacterium that can grow out of control and cause nail infections, incorrectly referred to as mold, is _____.

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

55
Q

In the early stages, a typical bacterial infection on the nail plate can be identified as a _____.

A

Yellow Green Spot

56
Q

Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate is called _____.

A

Pyogenic Granuloma

57
Q

A friend shows you paperwork from a doctor stating that he has tinea pedis. What is his condition?

A

Athlete’s Foot

58
Q

Tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate is an indication of _____.

A

Nail Psoriasis

59
Q

An ingrown nail is called a(n) is called _____.

A

Onychocryptosis

60
Q

The lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding is a sign of _____.

A

Onycholysis

61
Q

_____ may be caused by an allergic reaction of the nail bed

A

Onycholysis

62
Q

Onychomadesis is the separation and falling off of a nail plate and can typically be traced to _____.

A

Local Infection

Theory Class (16 decks)

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