Chapter 11 Flashcards
What term refers to the scientific study of hair and its diseases and care?
Trichology
The Greek word trichos means _____.
Hair
The hair, skin, nails, and glands are part of the _____ system.
Integumentary
What part of the hair is located below the surface of the epidermis?
Hair Root
The pocket or tube-like depression in the scalp or skin that contains the hair root is the hair _____.
Follicle
The thickened, club-like structure that forms the lower part of the hair root is the _____.
Hair Bulb
A small, cone-shaped area located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb is the _____.
Dermal Papilla
What structures contain the blood and nerve supply that provide the nutrients needed for hair growth?
Dermal Papillae
The small, involuntary muscle fiber in the base of the hair follicle is the _____.
Arrest or Pili
The substance secreted by the sebaceous glands is called _____.
Sebum
What is the oily substance secreted by the skin’s oil glands that lubricates the hair and skin?
Sebum
The body naturally produces _____ of the 20 amino acids that make up hair.
11
What is the outermost layer of hair?
Hair Cuticle
Which layer of the hair shaft creates the shine and the smooth, silky feel of healthy hair?
Hair Cuticle
A lengthwise section of hair shows that cuticle scales overlap and each individual cuticle scale is attached to the _____.
Cortex
Which term refers to a layer that protects the hair from penetration and prevents damage to hair fibers?
Hair Cuticle
The fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells that contains melanin pigment is the _____.
Cortex
The changes involved in oxidation haircoloring, wet setting, thermal styling, permanent waving, and chemical hair relaxing take place within the _____.
Cortex
Hair is composed of protein that grows from cells originating within the _____.
Hair Follicle
The hair shaft that emerges from the scalp is a nonliving fiber composed of _____.
Keratinized Protein
Hair is approximately _____ percent protein.
90
The major elements that make up human hair are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur, often referred to as _____.
COHNS Elements
The units of structure that build protein and are joined together end to end like pop beads are _____.
Amino Acids
A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called a _____ chain.
Polypeptide
What substances are comprised of long, coiled, complex polypeptides made of amino acids?
Proteins
The three different types of side bonds that link chains of amino acids together are _____.
Hydrogen, Salt, and Disulfide
A physical side bond that is easily broken by water and heat is a _____ bond.
Hydrogen
What type of bond is broken by wetting the hair with water and is reformed when the hair dries?
Hydrogen Bond
A weak, physical, cross-link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains that is broken by changes in pH is a _____ bond.
Salt
Permanent waving and hair relaxers change the shape of hair by chemically altering the hair’s _____.
Disulfide Bonds
Hydroxide chemical relaxers break disulfide bonds and convert them to _____ bonds
Lanthionine
All natural hair color is the result of pigment called _____.
Melanin
The pigment that provides brown or black color to hair is _____.
Eumelanin
What pigment in hair provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones?
Pheomelanin
What term refers to the shape of the hair strand?
Wave Pattern
What is the cross-section shape of curly hair?
Oval
Vellus hair is also known as _____ hair.
Lanugo
What type of hair is short, fine, unpigmented, and downy?
Vellum Hair
What are the three growth cycles of human hair?
Anagen, Catagen, Telogen
What is the growth phase during which new hair is produced?
Anagen
What is the resting phase or final phase of the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed?
Telogen Phase
The sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots is known as _____.
Alopecia Areata
The complete loss of all body hair is known as _____.
Alopecia Universalis
Temporary hair loss experienced at the end of a pregnancy is called _____.
Postpartum Alopecia
What is the technical term for gray hair?
Canities
The condition of abnormal hair growth of terminal hair is referred to as _____.
Hypertrichosis
Trichoptilosis is the technical term for _____.
Split Ends
What is a condition that is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft?
Trichorrhexis Nodosa
What is the technical term for beaded hair?
Monilethrix
What is the technical term for brittle hair?
Fragilitas Crinium
What is the medical term used to describe dandruff?
Pityriasis
Current research confirms that dandruff is the result of a fungus called _____.
Malassezia
What is a severe type of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scalp scales mixed with sebum?
Pityriasis Steatoides
What severe form of dandruff is accompanied by redness and inflammation?
Seborrheic Dermatitis
What is the medical term for ringworm?
Tinea
Tinea is characterized by itching scales and sometimes painful circular lesions and is caused by _____.
Fungal Organisms
What is a scalp disorder characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on the scalp?
Tinea Favosa
What is a highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite?
Scabies
What term refers to an infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice?
Pediculosis Capitis
What term refers to an acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain?
Furuncle
The thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand is referred to as hair _____.
Texture
Which type of hair has the largest diameter and usually requires more processing?
Coarse Hair
The measurement that describes the number of individual hair strands on one square inch of the scalp is hair _____.
Density
The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is hair _____.
Porosity
Chemical services performed on hair with low porosity require a _____ solution
More Alkaline
The ability of hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking is referred to as hair _____.
Elasticity
Hair flowing in the same direction, as the result of follicles sloping in the same direction, is known as a _____.
Hair Stream
Dry hair and scalp should be treated with products that contain moisturizers and _____.
Emollients
