Chapter 15-16 Flashcards
Surfaces on the head where the head changes, such as the ears, jawline, and occipital bone, are referred to as _____.
Reference Points
Reference points in a haircut are used to establish _____.
Design Lines
Achieving balance within a design can be accomplished by understanding the _____ and reference points.
Head Shape
What bone protrudes at the base of the skull?
Occipital Bone
The location of the four corners signals a change in _____.
Head Shape
What area of the head is located between the apex and the back of the parietal ridge?
Crown
The _____ area is defined as the area at the back part of the neck and consists of the hair below the occipital bone.
Nape
By making a parting or drawing a line from the apex to the back of the ear, you can locate the _____ of the head, which consists of all the hair that falls naturally behind the ear
Back
What type of haircutting lines are perpendicular to the horizon, and are used to remove weight to create graduated or layered haircuts, and higher elevations?
Vertical Lines
What is the working area of the hair that is separated prior to cutting?
Section
A(n) _____ is created when the space between two lines or surfaces intersects at a given point.
Angle
An important element in creating a strong foundation and consistency in haircutting and creating shapes is the use of _____.
Angles
The three types of straight lines in haircutting include horizontal, vertical, and _____ lines.
Diagonal
For control during haircutting, the hair is parted into working areas called _____.
Sections
_____, also known as projection or lifting, is the degree at which a subsection of hair is held from the head when cutting.
Elevation
Elevation creates graduation and layers, and is usually described in _____.
Degrees
What hair type requires less elevation and should be left a bit longer when cutting because of shrinkage as it dries?
Curly Hair
_____ occurs when the hair contracts or lifts through the action of moisture loss or drying.
Shrinkage
The angle at which the fingers are held when cutting the line that creates the shape is referred to as the _____.
Cutting Line
A(n) _____, also known as a guide, is a subsection of hair that determines the length the hair will be cut, and is usually the first section cut when creating a shape.
Guideline
Which guideline involves a small slice of a previous subsection that is moved to the next position and becomes the new guideline?
Traveling Guide
What technique should be used to create a length increase in the design of graduated and layered haircuts?
Overdirection
If you want hair to be longer toward the front on a layered haircut, overdirect the sections to a stationary guide at the _____.
Back of the ears
You can begin to make decisions about the best haircut for a client by analyzing his or her ____
Face Shape
The _____ is the direction in which hair grows from the scalp and is also called the natural falling position.
Growth Pattern
Cowlicks and whorls are examples of _____ that will affect where the hair ends up once it is dry, especially in the nape.
Growth Patterns
You should use the _____ degree of tension when cutting hair with strong growth patterns, or around the ears, to compensate for the hair being pushed up when it dries.
Minimum
Hair _____ is the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch (2.5 cm2) of scalp and is usually described as thin, medium, or thick.
Density
_____ shears, also known as scissors, are mainly used to cut blunt or straight lines in hair, to slide cut, point cut, or to implement other texturizing techniques.
Haircutting
Which type of shear is used mainly to remove bulk from the hair, and is often referred to as a thinning shear, tapering shear, or notching shear?
Texturizing
The comb used for close tapers on the nape and sides, and when using a scissor-over-comb technique, is a _____.
Barber Comb
Which three countries are primarily responsible for manufacturing the steel used to make professional shears?
Japan, Germany, and United States
Before purchasing _____, the stylist should inquire about the manufacturing, steel quality, and the right blade edge.
Shears
The hand position that is used most often when cutting uniform or increasing layers is called _____.
Cutting Over Fingers
What is the best way to maintain control of the subsection when cutting with a vertical or diagonal cutting line?
Palm To Palm
_____ reduces strain on the index finger and thumb while cutting the hair.
Palming The Shears
In a _____ haircut, also known as a one-length haircut, all of the hair comes to a single-hanging level forming a weight line.
Blunt
The _____ is the visual line in the haircut where the ends of the hair hang together.
Weight Line
Haircuts that generally have less weight than graduated haircuts are called _____.
Layered Cuts
The technique used to check a haircut for precision of line and shape is called _____.
Cross Checking
_____ should not be used on curly hair because it weakens the cuticle and causes the hair to frizz.
A Razor
Which method involves cutting or layering the hair in such a way that the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length?
Slide Cutting
_____ is another version of point cutting, in which a more aggressive technique is used to create a chunkier effect.
Notching
Electric or battery-operated tools that cut the hair by using two moving blades held in place by a metal plate with teeth are called _____.
Clippers
One of the most important experiences that a stylist provides is a _____.
Shampoo
Often called simply “the shampoo,” this first step of the service actually encompasses three different processes: scalp care and massage, shampooing, and _____.
Conditioning
What are the two basic requirements for a maintaining a healthy scalp?
Cleanliness and Stimulation
_____ is contraindicated, or not recommended, for clients with severe, uncontrolled hypertension.
Massage
What factor differs between a relaxation scalp massage and a treatment scalp massage?
That Products That Are Used
A stylist should recommend a hair or scalp treatment only after having performed a(n) _____.
Hair and Scalp Examination
During a dry hair and scalp treatment, a _____, which resembles a hooded dryer, can be used to help resolve the moisture balance in the hair.
Scalp Steamer
Hair should be shampooed _____.
As Often As Necessary
Products are classified as either an alkaline solution or an acidic solution by measuring the amount of _____ in the solution.
Hydrogen
What type of shampoo can leave the hair dry, brittle, porous, and causes fading in colored treated hair?
High pH Shampoo
What is a treatment that passes water through a porous substance, such as charcoal or a filter, for purification purposes?
Filtration
What chemical is added to fresh water before it enters the public water pipelines for the purpose of providing additional water purification by killing common bacteria?
Chlorine
_____ water has had impurities, such as calcium, magnesium, and other metal ions, removed.
Deionized
The lipophilic tail of a surfactant molecule is considered to be _____.
Oil Attracting
What are the shampoos that help close the hair cuticle and are balanced to the pH of skin and hair by the addition of citric, lactic, or phosphoric acid?
PH Balanced Shampoos
_____ shampoo, also known as moisturizing shampoo, is designed to make the hair appear smooth and shiny and to improve the manageability of the hair.
Conditioning
What are two conditioning agents that help restore moisture and elasticity to the hair shaft?
Biotin and Protein
Products that do not remove artificial color from the hair are considered to be _____.
Non-Stripping
Which type of shampoo, containing an active chelating agent, should be used when a buildup on the hair is evident and prior to all chemical services?
Clarifying Shampoo
Shampoo that washes away excess oiliness from hair and scalp, while preventing the hair from drying out.
Balancing Shampoo
_____ shampoos, sometimes called soap-free shampoos, are formulated with little to no alkaline soap base, are compatible with hair and soft water sources, and are known to be sensitive to artificial hair color.
Non-Sulfate
Shampoos that are created by combining the surfactant base with basic color pigments are called _____.
Color Enhancing Shampoo
What special chemical agents are applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer to help restore the hair’s strength, infuse moisture, give hair body, and protect hair against possible breakage?
Conditioner
What substances absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture in the hair?
Humectants
Which type of conditioning agent is used after a scalp treatment and before styling to remove oil accumulation from the scalp?
Scalp Astringent Lotions
A _____ draping is also known as a wet draping.
Shampoo
A _____ strip is less bulky than terry cloth towels and will allow a natural fall to the hair for more precision while cutting.
Neck
When securing a cape as draping for a basic shampoo, do not let the cape touch the _____.
Clients Skin
During the shampoo procedure, apply small quantities of shampoo to the hair beginning at the _____.
Hairline
When manipulating the scalp during a shampoo, begin at the front hairline and work in a(n) _____.
Back and Forth Movement
