Chapter 12 Flashcards
The branch of science that applies to substances that contain carbon is called ______ chemistry
Organic
What is the study of substances that lack the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen?
Inorganic Chemistry
A characteristic of all inorganic substances is that they ____
Lack Carbon
The simplest form of chemical matter that cannot be broken down without the loss of identity is a(n) _____
Element
All hair color products are organic chemicals, which means they _____
Contain Carbon and Hydrogen
There are ____ naturally occurring elements, each with its own district physical and chemical properties
98
The basic unit of matter, with a nucleus at the center surrounded by negatively charged electrons that move around the nucleus in orbits, is a(n) _____
Atom
Chemical combining two or more atoms produces a _____
Molecule
The chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements produces a(n) _____
Compound
Sodium chloride is an example of a(n) _____
Compound Molecule
What state of matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container?
Liquid
What is an example of a chemical property?
Ability to Rust
Change in the form of a substance that does not cause a chemical reaction is a(n) _____ change
Physical
The oxidation of hair color is an example of a _____
Chemical Change
What type of chemical reaction results in the oxidizing agent being reduced and the reducing agent being oxidized?
Redox
Chemical reactions that are characterized by giving off heat are _____
Exothermic
The rapid oxidation if a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light, is known as _____
Combustion
A chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions is a _____
Pure Substance
Air contains many substances, including nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, and is an example of a _____
Physical Mixture
A stable physical mixture of two or more substances in a solvent is a(n) _____
Solution
A substance, usually liquid , that dissolves another substance to form a solution is a(n) _____
Solvent
Mutually soluble liquids that can be mixed together to form clear solutions are _____
Compatible
Water and alcohol _____
Are examples of middle liquids
An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances is a(n) ____
Emulsion
Substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify, are ____
Surfactants
Being “capable of combining with or attracting water (water loving)” is defined as ____
Hydrophilic
“Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oil (oil loving)” is defined as _____
Lipophilic
What is an example of an oil-in-water emulsion of two immiscible liquid?
Cold Cream
Substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products are _____
Alkanolamines
What is an example of ammonia compound that is used to perform chemical services in a salon?
Ammonium Hydroxide
A sweet, colorless, oily substance that is used as a moisturizer in skin and body creams is _____
Ammonia
A common volatile organic compound used in hairspray is _____
Ethyl Alcohol
An atomic molecule that carries an electrical charges a(n) _____
Ion
What term refers to the separation of an atomic molecule into positive and negative ions?
Ionization
An ion with a positive electrical charge is considered to be _____
A Cation
A solution with a pH value of seven indicates a(n) _____ solution
Neutral
