Chapter 7-8 Flashcards
The medical branch of science that deals with the study of the skin, it’s functions, and diseases is ______
Dermatology
About how many years of post high school education and training are required to become a dermatologist?
12
The largest organ of the human body is the _____
Skin
The average adult skin weighs ______ pounds
6 to 9
The surface of healthy skin is slightly
Acidic
Continued pressure on any part of the skin causes it to thicken and develop into a(n) _____
Callus
How does the skin of the scalp diff from other skin?
The scalp has larger an deep er hair follicles
The outermost and thinnest layer of the skin is the ______
Epidermis
The epidermis has _____ layers
5
The layer of skin that is seen and treated by the cosmetology is the _____
Stratum Coreum
What is a fibrous protein that is the principal component of hair and nails?
Keratin
The skin layer in which the shedding of skin cells first begins is the stratum _____
Spinosum
The deepest layer in high the shedding of skin cells first begins is the stratum _____
Stratum Germinativum
The stratum germinativum is composed of several layers with special cells that produce a dark skin pigment called _____
Melanin
What is the name of the special cell in the stratum germinativum, responsible for producing dark skin pigment?
Melanocytes
The underlying or inner layer of the skin, which is also called the derma curium, cutis, or true skin, is the _____
Dermis
The highly sensitive dermis layer is about ____ times thicken than the epidermis
25
The muscle that causes goosebumps when a person is frightened or cold is the _____
Arrector Pili Muscle
The outermost layer of the dermis is the _____ layer
Papillary
Small, cone-shaped elevations at the bottom of hair follicles are known as ____
Dermal Papillae
The top of the papillary layer where it joins the epidermis is the _____
Epidermal Dermal Junction
The deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients is the _____
Reticular Layer
Fatty tissue found below the dermis is called _____
Subcutaneous Tissue
What type of nerve fibers carry impulses from the brain to the muscles?
Motor
What body part sends messages to the brain?
Sensory Serve Fibers
What layer of the dermis houses the nerve endings that provide the body with the sense of touch?
Papillary Layer
The tiny grains of pigment deposited in cells that provide skin with its color are ______
Melanin
The melanin produced by the body that is red to yellow in color is ____
Pheomelanin
_____ helps protect sensitive cells from UV rays
Melanin
What is a fibrous protein that gives skin form and strength?
Collagen
The fibrous protein that gives its flexibility and helps skin regain its shape after being expanded is _____
Elastin
Oil glands that are connected to hair follicles are also called _____
Sebaceous Glands
What sebum hardens and the sebaceous ducts becomes clogged, the pore impaction that is formed is a _____
Comedo
What is a small, round elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus?
Papule
Water is the number one nutrient of the body and composes what percentage of the body’s weight?
50 to 70 percent
Vitamin ___ May help improve the skin’s elasticity and thickness
A
Vitamin ___ promotes the production of collagen
C
What vitamin enables the body to properly absorb and use calcium?
D
A freckle is an example of a mark on the skin known as a ______
Lesion
A large blister containing a watery fluid is _____
Bulla
For which of the following skin lesions should the cosmetologist refer the client to his or her physician?
Bulla
A flat spot or discoloration on the skin is a _____
Macule
A small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop pus is a _____
Papule
A ____ forms from a papillae when dead white blood cells accumulate in it
Pustule
An abnormal cell mass that varies in size, color, and shape is a _____
Tumor
Which of the following is considered to be a primary skin lesion?
Wheal
A(n) _____ is an itchy, swollen lesion that can be caused by a number of factors and usually resolves by itself
Wheal
Lesions of the skin characterized by piles of material or a depression on the skin surface are ____
Secondary Skin Lesions
Dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while it is healing comprise a ____
Crust
_____ refers to a skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping
Excoriation
Cracks in the skin that penetrate the dermis layer, such as chapped hands or lips, are _____
Fissures
Which of the following is a secondary lesion?
Keloid
An excessively thick scar resulting from overgrowth of fibrous tissue is known as a _____
Keloid
Any thin dry or oily plate of epidermal flakes is known as a _____
Scale
An open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane, accompanied by pus and characterized by loss of skin depth, is a(n) _____
Ulcer
A hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum forms a _____
Comedo
A Whitehead is also called a _____
Closed Comedo
Benign, keratin filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening are _____
Milia
_____are keratin filled cysts that are usually associated with newborns and are commonly found around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead
Milia
What is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands caused from retained secretions?
Acne
A ____ is a large protruding pocket-like lesion filled with sebum
Sebaceous Cysts
Inflammation of the sebaceous glands characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting, and/or itchiness is called _____
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Distended or dilated surface blood vessels are called _____
Telangiectasias
Ingestion of _____ foods can aggravate rosacea
Spicy
Excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness is _____
Hyperhidrosis
____ is a common bacterial infection of the eye
Conjunctivitis
What is a contagious, recurring viral infection characterized by fever blisters or cold sores?
Herpes Simplex 1
A non contagious skin disease characterized by red patches covered with sliver-white scales found on the scalp elbows, knees, chest, and lower back is ____
Psoriasis
Congenital hypopigmentation, or absence of melanin pigment of the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes is called _____
Albinism
_____ is a skin disorder characterized by abnormal light patches
Leukoderma
_____ refers to an abnormal brown or wine colored skin discoloration with a circular or irregular shape
Stain
A _____ is a small brown or flesh colored outgrowth of the skin
Skin Tag
The most common and least severe type of skin cancer is _____
Basal Cell Carcinoma
What type of skin cancer is often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Dark, brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised may be a warning sign of ______
Malignant Melanoma
The American Cancer Society recommends using a checklist to recognize potential skin cancer or changes in moles, using the letter B to check mole _____
Borders
The main food source for acne bacteria is _____.
Fatty Acids
What are some extrinsic skin-aging factors?
Sun Exposure
Between 80 percent and 85 percent of skin aging is caused by _____.
Sun Exposure
The UV rays of the sun reach the skin in two different forms. What are these?
UVA and UVB Rays
What rays of the sun cause sunburns and tanning and are also known as burning rays?
UVA Rays
The two types of contact dermatitis are _____.
Allergic and Irritant
_____ is an allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or a substance.
Sensitization
