Chapter 8.5.1 (Exam 2) Enzyme Regulation Flashcards

Enzyme Activities Can Be Regulated

1
Q

What are the two ways that enzyme activity can be controlled?

A

Regulation of gene expression—how many enzyme molecules are made

Regulation of enzyme activity—enzyme may change shape, or be blocked by regulators

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2
Q

How are chemicals reactions in cells organized?

A

Chemical reactions in cells are organized in metabolic pathways that are interconnected

The products of one reaction are the reactants of another

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3
Q

What gave rise to the new field called systems biology?

A

The complex pathways are modeled using computer algorithms

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4
Q

What is the function of enzymes in metabolic pathways?

A

Enzymes help organize and regulate metabolic pathways

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5
Q

What are enzyme inhibitors?

A

Molecules that bind to the enzyme and slow reaction rates

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6
Q

What are two categories enzyme inhibitors can fall under?

A

Naturally occurring- regulate metabolism

Artificial - treat disease, kill pests, or study how enzymes work

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7
Q

What are the two types of actions enzyme inhibitors can take?

A

Irreversible (permanent inactivation)

Reversible (temporary inactivation)

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8
Q

What is irreversible inhibition?

A

Inhibitor covalently bonds to side chains in the active site and permanently inactivates the enzyme

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9
Q

What is one example of irreversible inhibition?

A

Aspirin transfers an acetyl group which covalently bonds with an enzyme called cyclooxygenase, preventing arachidonic acid from becoming prostaglandins which cause pain and inflammation

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10
Q

What is reversible inhibition?

A

Inhibitor bonds noncovalently to the active site and prevents substrate from binding

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