Chapter 12.1.2 (Exam 3)

Question 1

What is a monohybrid cross?

Answer 1

Cross parental varieties with contrasting traits for a single character

F1 are monohybrids

Allow plants to self pollinate to produce F2 generation

Question 2

Mendel’s results clearly supported the particulate inheritance hypothesis. What is the particulate inheritance hypothesis?

Answer 2

Traits are inherited through discrete, independent units now known as genes

Question 3

What is the distinction between dominant and recessive traits in Mendelian genetics?

Answer 3

The trait that occurred in the F1 and was more abundant in the F2 was called dominant, the other recessive

Question 4

What is the phenotypic ratio of dominant to recessive traits in the F2 generation?

Answer 4

3 dominant : 1 recessive

Question 5

What does it mean to be diploid?

Answer 5

The state of having two copies of each gene

Question 6

What does it mean to be haploid?

Answer 6

The state of having just a single copy of each gene

Question 7

What are alleles?

Answer 7

Different forms of a gene

Question 8

What does it mean if an individual is homozygous? Heterozygous?

Answer 8

Homozygous: Two alleles that are the same

Heterozygous: Two different alleles

Question 9

Which allele gets expressed in heterozygous individuals?

Answer 9

One may be dominant (e.g., round, R), and the other recessive (e.g., wrinkled, r)

The dominant allele is generally expressed

Question 10

What was the relationship between the phenotype and the genotype for Mendel?

Answer 10

Mendel proposed that an individual’s phenotype is the result of its genotype, or genetic makeup