Chapter 8.4.2 (Exam 2) Rate of Reaction

Question 1

Describe the rate of a catalyzed reaction.

Answer 1

Rate of a catalyzed reaction depends on substrate concentration

Concentration of an enzyme is usually much lower than the substrate

At maximum rate, all enzyme is bound to substrate; it is working at maximum rate

Question 2

How is the rate of reaction with a fixed amount of enzymes similar to rate of diffusion with a fixed amount of carrier proteins?

Answer 2

Just like carrier proteins, all enzymes can become saturated, which limits the rate of reaction based on the number of enzymes

Question 3

What is used to calculate enzyme efficiency?

Answer 3

Maximum rate:

Molecules of substrate converted to product per unit time (turnover number)

Turnover ranges from 1 to 40 million molecules per second

Question 4

What are three examples of enzyme “partners”?

Answer 4

Prosthetic groups

Inorganic cofactors

Coenzymes

Question 5

What are prosthetic groups?

Answer 5

Non-amino acid groups permanently bound to enzymes

Question 6

What are inorganic cofactors?

Answer 6

Ions permanently bound to enzymes

Question 7

What are coenzymes?

Answer 7

Small carbon-containing molecules; not permanently bound, e.g. vitamins