Chapter 5.3.2 (Exam 1) Organelles Flashcards
Eukaryotic Cells Contain Organelles
What is the Golgi Apparatus made of?
Flattened sacs (cisternae) and small vesicles
What are the roles of the Golgi apparatus?
Receive proteins from the RER
Modify, concentrate, package, and sort proteins
Synthesize polysaccharides for cell walls in plants
Cutting precursor proteins into functional fragments
What are the three regions of the Golgi apparatus?
Cis – nearest to nucleus
Medial – in between
Trans – nearest to cell membrane
What do lysosomes contain?
Digestive enzymes that hydrolyze macromolecules into monomers
Where do primary lysosomes originate from?
The Golgi apparatus
How do food molecules enter the cell?
Phagocytosis – this forms a phagosome
When phagosomes fuse with primary lysosomes, what do they form? How is the food digested?
Secondary lysosomes
Enzymes hydrolyze the food molecules
How is eukaryotic cell waste ejected?
Exocytosis
What are the roles of mitochondria?
Transform energy in fuel molecules like glucose into the bonds of energy-rich ATP via cellular respiration
What do cells that require a lot of energy have more of?
Mitochondria
How do mitochondria reproduce and divide?
Independent of the nucleus
Describe mitochondria’s two membranes.
Outer membrane – smooth
Inner membrane folds inward to form cristae—creates large surface area for the embedded proteins involved in cellular respiration
What is the mitochondrial matrix?
The space enclosed by the inner membrane
It contains the DNA and ribosomes that are needed for the mitochondria to reproduce and make proteins needed for cellular respiration
What are plastids?
Present only in plants and some protists, any small class of organelles that contain pigments or food
Describe chloroplasts.
Site of photosynthesis
They have a double membrane and can divide independently of the nucleus
Describe the inner membrane of chloroplasts.
Their inner membrane forms thylakoids which contain chlorophyll and other pigments that harvest light energy
