Chapter 3.1.1 (Exam 1) Functional Groups

Question 1

What are the macromolecules that make us?

Answer 1

Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids

Question 2

How are lipids different from other macromolecules?

Answer 2

All of the macromolecules are polymers of smaller molecules called monomers except lipids

Question 3

What are macromolecules?

Answer 3

Polymers containing thousands or more atoms.

Large lipids are also treated as macromolecules

Question 4

What does macromolecule function depend on?

Answer 4

The properties of their functional groups, e.g., polarity

A single macromolecule may contain many different functional groups

Question 5

List 8 common functional groups.

Answer 5

HACKSPAM
Hydroxyl
Aldehyde
Carboxyl
Keto
Sulfhydryl
Phosphate
Amino
Methyl

Question 6

Name the chemical formula, class of compound, and properties of a hydroxyl group.

Answer 6

-OH

Alcohols

Polar, forms hydrogen bonds

Question 7

Name the chemical formula, class of compound, and properties of an aldehyde group.

Answer 7

-CHO

Aldehydes

Polar, C=O group is very reactive

Question 8

Name the chemical formula, class of compound, and properties of a keto group.

Answer 8

-CO

Ketones

Polar

Question 9

Name the chemical formula, class of compound, and properties of a carboxyl group.

Answer 9

-COOH

Carboxylic acids

Charged, acidic

Question 10

Name the chemical formula, class of compound, and properties of an amino group.

Answer 10

-NH₂

Amines

Charged, basic

Question 11

Name the chemical formula, class of compound, and properties of a phosphate group.

Answer 11

-PO₄^-2

Organic phosphates

Charged, acidic

Question 12

Name the chemical formula, class of compound, and properties of a sulfhydryl group.

Answer 12

-SH

Thiols

Forms disulfide bridges

Question 13

Name the chemical formula, class of compound, and properties of a methyl group.

Answer 13

-CH₃

Alkyl

Nonpolar