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Alevel French Revolution > Chapter 8 - The Sans-culottes And The Collapse Of The Constitutional Experiment > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - The Sans-culottes And The Collapse Of The Constitutional Experiment Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the sans-culottes?

A

Working class supporters of the political left wing

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2
Q

Who did they idolise?

A

Danton + Marat

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3
Q

What were a majority of the sc?

A

Artisans
Craftsmen
Shopkeepers
Seamstresses

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4
Q

What did they share a hatred for?

A

‘Selfish wealth’ of the bourgeoisie and aristocratic elites

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5
Q

What did the sc’s lives revolve around?

A

The cost of bread

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6
Q

What was their uniform?

A

Wooden bonnet rouge
Sabots

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7
Q

What happened on the journee of 20 June 1792?

A

Anniversary of the tennis court oath a mob of 8000 sc + NGs marched to the Tuilleries

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8
Q

What did they want Louis to do?

A

They carried petitions demanding he withdraw his votes and reinstate his pro-war ministers

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9
Q

What did Louis do?

A

Opened the doors to the crowd
Put a bonnet rouge on
Drank to a toast of the nation

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10
Q

How did the crowds react?

A

They withdrew

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11
Q

Who demanded action against the protesters?

A

Lafayette

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12
Q

What justified the sc demands?

A

The retreat of the Army of the North

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13
Q

What decree was put forward on the 11 July?

A

La patrie en danger
(The fatherland in danger)

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14
Q

What did the La Patrie en danger do?

A

Called on all men to support the war effort in a spirit of self-sacrifice

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15
Q

What did Robespierre say in a speech in the Assembly on 29 July?

A

France should be a Republic
There should be elections to a National Convention where active + passive citizens can vote

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16
Q

What was said in a manifesto by Duke of Brunswick?

A

Any National Guardsmen captured by the Austrians would be put to death without mercy + Paris would suffer vengeance if harm came to the king

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17
Q

What did the Brunswick manifesto add fuel to?

A

Those who wanted to get rid of the monarchy

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18
Q

What happened 10 August 1792?

A

Second sc march to the Tulleries

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19
Q

How many people marched?

A

2000 sc + 2000 federes

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20
Q

Where was the king advised to go to as the protesters were well armed and prepared?

A

The Assembly

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21
Q

Who were left to protect the palace?

A

Loyal National Guardsmen
‘gentlemen-at-arms’
Swiss guards

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22
Q

What happened when the National Guards defected?

A

Crowds came into the courtyard
A shot was fired

23
Q

How long did the battle go on for?

A

2 hours

24
Q

How many people died?

A

1000 sc + federes
Nearly all the defenders
(the palace was set on fire)

25
Q

Where did the Paris Commune then move the king to?

A

The Temple prison

26
Q

What did they do to the king to form a republic?

A

Temporarily suspended him

27
Q

What was in the new decree that they issued afterwards?

A

Ended the distinction between passive and active citizens
A new Convention elected

28
Q

Who became the new Minister of Justice?

A

Danton

29
Q

What did he set up?

A

A committee of ministers to take executive power until new elections could be held
All the laws the king put on suspensory veto now passed

30
Q

What happened 17 August?

A

Court set up to prosecute traitors

31
Q

What happened 26 August?

A

Refractory priests given 2 weeks to leave the country voluntarily or be deported to French Guyana
Seigneurs were no longer compensated

32
Q

What did Lafayette do?

A

Wanted to march to Paris to restore the constitution
Failed to gain support + fled to defect to the Austrians

33
Q

Who replaced him?

A

Dumouriez

34
Q

Where had been taken over?

A

25 Aug - Longwy
1 Sept - Verdun

35
Q

How many people were killed in the royal rising in the Vendee?

A

200

36
Q

What did Danton do to reduce the panic?

A

30 Aug - House searches (3000 taken to prison)
2 Sept - Enforced conscription (levee)

37
Q

Why was the atmosphere tense?

A

Rumours of Aristocratic plots
Fear of traitors

38
Q

What were tocsins?

A

Warning bells

39
Q

What did the tocsin sounding do?

A

5 days of killing
100-1500 prisoners in Paris massacred

40
Q

What was the massacre referred to as?

A

An orgy of blood-letting

41
Q

What were the first attacks led by the federes?

A

Refractory priests being taken to or held in prison

42
Q

Where did the massacres spread to?

A

Political prisoners
Ordinary criminals
Monks, Nuns + Priests

43
Q

What were the sc encouraged by in their spontaneous attacks?

A

Members of the Commune + NG
Marat - who published an article on traitors being ‘put to the sword’

44
Q

What was the outcome?

A

Fears abroad of rev
Girodins blamed Jacobins = increased split
Authority of Assembly ‘weak’ and Danton and Robspierre’s increased

45
Q

What did the massacres on 2 Sept coincide with?

A

Second stage of the elections for a new National Convention

46
Q

What was special about this election?

A

All adult male citizens were given the vote for the first time

47
Q

How did the Girodins try to influence the voting towards them?

A

Wrote about the need for a return for stability in their newspapers

48
Q

What was the effect in Paris?

A

No Girodin candidate was elected because of their hostility towards the commune and actions of the sc

49
Q

Who was the people’s first choice in Paris?

A

Robespierre

50
Q

Who was also chosen to represent the capital?

A

Marat
Danton
Desmoulins

51
Q

Why did the widening of the electorate have little impact?

A

There was low voter turnout

52
Q

What were deputies mostly supporting?

A

Jacobins + Girodins
Many known as ‘the plain’ - didn’t obviously support either

53
Q

When did the New Convention open?

A

20 Sept

54
Q

What also happened 20 Sept?

A

French army won against the Austro-Prussian forces at Valmy

Alevel French Revolution (24 decks)

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