Chapter 17 - Political Change Flashcards
What was the ‘infernal machine’ in 1800?
N on way to performance
Barrel of gunpowder set off as carriage passed
Saved by speed as N asked his driver to go faster so he wasn’t late
Why didn’t he die?
Speed of carriage
Poor quality of gunpowder
How many people were killed or wounded?
52
Inc N step daughter cut on the wrist with flying metal
Several buildings destroyed
What did this show?
He wasn’t widely accepted
Have to take action to keep + consolidate power
What was N first step in consolidating power?
Appeal to French in Constitution of Year VIII in plebiscite
What was the effect of this?
Wouldn’t actually change his position
Opportunity for apparent show of concern for democracy
Justified coup of Brumaire
Confirmed his position
What was the turnout of the plebiscite?
25%
1.5 million
Who adjusted these statistics?
Bro Lucien - Minister of Interior
Said 46.26%
What were the ‘results’?
99.94% agreed with N
What did N behave like when he established his position?
Monarch
Moved into Tuileries + effigy on coins
What else did he do?
Selected members of the Council of State
Has ceremonies + ‘state banquets’
How did the structure of the constitution stayed the same?
People moved from Directory to new Tribunale + Legislative Body
Civil servants continued in their posts
What were the new innovations N brought?
Prefects - strengthened central control
What were the 3 groups N used repression to control?
Jacobins
Royalists
Liberals
What did N do with Jacobins?
Spies to infiltrate groups
129 J leaders arrested + deported
Sympathisers dismissed from jobs
What was the failed ‘dagger conspiracy’ by the J?
They tried to assassinate N when he came out of an opera house
What were the J falsely accused of?
Blamed for ‘infernal machine’
Actually royalists
What did the R first think N would do?
Put Compte de Provence on the throne
What did he actually write to the compte in 1800?
‘It would be better for you to March over 100,000 corpses’
How did N deal with the R?
Military tribunals
General Brine sent to deal with those who refused N truce
6000 prisoners
750 shot
Used police + prefects
When had N patience run out?
Spy’s wrongly reported a Bourbon prince being involved in conspiracies
Duc d’Enghien said to talked to emigres
Plot to kidnap + accuse him
Admitted to some + shot in a ditch
R didn’t try again
What did some moderates see N as becoming?
Dictator
Who was a did critic?
Madame de Staël
Respected writer + thinker
Her salon formed a resistance group
What did N do to Stael?
Banished her 64km away from Paris
How did N reconcile with people?
Gave amnesty to rebels
Promised to protect Catholic religion
Offered rewards to those who support him
What did N do to gain support of the bourgeois?
Policies
Speeches
Propaganda
What did N stead to new voters?
Reassured buyers of bien nationaux that there’ll be no attempt to restore church lands or restore emigrés
What did N speak about?
Amalgame
Ralliement
What’s amalgame?
Ending social divisions
Meeting old nobility + new ruling elites
What’s ralliement?
Rallying all - Jacobins + Nobles around the regime
What gave N an opportunity for his military heroism propaganda?
Success against Australian forces
What agreement meant peace with B after 10 years?
1802 Peace of Amiens
Popular with members of the bourgeoisie
What was the Constitution of Year X?
1802 N offered Position of Consul for Life
What did the next plebiscite show for support of the regime?
50.55% turnout
99.76% in favour
What was the Constitution of Year XII?
1904 N became Emperor of the French
Where did he get crowned?
Notre Dame
Who crowned him?
Himself
Where did he crown himself later?
Milan Cathedral
To announce he was Emperor of Italy too
What did N start to do in 1802?
Blocked the laws of Senate, Tribunale + Legislative
Removed people
Gave more political power to notables
What was abolished altogether in 1810?
Tribunate
When did the last meeting of the Legislative body happen?
1813
