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Alevel French Revolution > Chapter 7 - Reaction To Change At Home And Abroad > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Reaction To Change At Home And Abroad Flashcards

1
Q

What did the NA make after following the Royal family back to Paris after the October Days?

A

Salle du Manege + The Tulleries their meeting hall

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2
Q

What names came from the positions the deputies arranged themselves in?

A

Left-wing + Right-wing

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3
Q

Who were on the Right?

A

Noirs
(Aristocrats + Monarchists + Constitutional monarchists (Lafayette))

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4
Q

Who were on the Left?

A

A radical group which followed Antoine Barnarve
A ‘far left’ clique with Maximillian Robespierre

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5
Q

What were the most popular political clubs and factions?

A

The noble faction
The Societe de 89
The Jacobins
The Cordeliers Club

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6
Q

What were the Noble faction?

A

Producers of pamphlets
(3 issues a week)

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7
Q

What did the Noble faction believe?

A

Defended the monarchy

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8
Q

How did the Noble faction spread their ideas?

A

Produced les Actes des Apotres
(a satirical pamphlet)

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9
Q

Who were The Societe de 89?

A

Group founded by Sieyes
Charged a high member fee

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10
Q

What did The Societe de 89 believe?

A

They were supporters of the Constitutional monarchy

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11
Q

How did The Societe de 89 spread their ideas?

A

With influential members : Sieyes + Lafayette

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12
Q

What were the Jacobin Club?

A

Heirs to the Brenton club

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13
Q

What did the Jacobin Club believe?

A

Initially with the left ruling deputies but had more radical ideas

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14
Q

How did the Jacobin Club spread their ideas?

A

Expanded to smaller ‘Jacobin clubs’ around France

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15
Q

What were the Cordeliers Club?

A

An inclusive club that protected rights

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16
Q

What did the Cordeliers Club believe?

A

It was right-wing
Protected citizens rights and kept a watch on the activities of the Assembly

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17
Q

How did the Cordeliers Club spread their ideas?

A

Had a minimal entry fee
Open to women + passive citizens

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18
Q

Who were influential members of the Cordeliers Club?

A

Danton
Desmoulins
Marat
Herbert

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19
Q

Who was Robespierre?

A

Lawyer
Elected to the Estates General + predominant speaker of Jacobin club + Assembly
Called the ‘Incorruptable’ for commitment to rev
Associated with the Terror

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20
Q

Who was Danton?

A

Lawyer of Enlightenment ideas
Joined new National Guard
Helped found Cordeliers club
Served in Paris Commune + Legislative Assembly
Became Minister of Justice then first President of the Committee of Public Safety
Killed in the Terror

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21
Q

Who was Desmoulins?

A

Founder of Cordeliers Club
Nominated as a deputy but unable due to illness
Wrote articles for Mirabeau’s paper
Gave speeches at Palais-Royal + wrote radical pamphlets
Nickname ‘Lantern Lawyer’ - wanted to hang Nobles from lamp posts
Voted for kings execution
Killed for opposing the Terror

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22
Q

Who was Marat?

A

Doctor + scientific writer
Editor of newspaper - ‘L’Ami du peuple’
Criticised moderate rev leaders
Became Montagnard Deputy in NC
Favoured a temporary dictatorship to deal with emergency of war
Charlotte Corday assassinated him

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23
Q

Who is Hebert?

A

Bourgeoisie journalist
Wrote a series of political satires
Influential member of the Cordeliers + Jacobins + Commune
Helped plan sc resurrections
Turned Notre Dame into a ‘temple of reason’
Seen as dangerous after Terror

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24
Q

Who wrote newspapers?

A

Desmoulins
Marat
Hebert

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25
Q

What was Desmoulins’ newspaper?

A

Les Revolutions de France et de Brabant
A low-cost nationwide paper + attacked the monarchy

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26
Q

What was Marat’s newspaper?

A

L’Ami du Peuple
A popular and influential paper among working people of Paris
Contained long editorial + letters

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27
Q

What was Hebert’s newspaper?

A

Le Pere de Duchesne
Humorous + popular with workers
Had a ‘cult following’ for upper classes that wanted to be seen true to the rev
‘Hero’ of the paper was a pipe smoking man of the people

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28
Q

Why were the newspapers important?

A

Provided a platform for propaganda
Allowed decisions to be influenced to the Assembly
They reached normal people through public readings

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29
Q

Who had the executive power in France?

A

The King

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30
Q

Who continually undermined royal authority?

A

The Assembly

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31
Q

Who also had influence in the capital?

A

Lafayette + Bailley
The Commune

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32
Q

What was the only form of authority in many districts of the country?

A

Force

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33
Q

When did the Rural Revolution start?

A

1790

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34
Q

How long did the RR last for?

A

2 years
Until 1792

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35
Q

What did peasants do in the RR?

A

Fixed the price of grain
Called for the sale of church land
Attacked Chateaux

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36
Q

Why was the King in a difficult position?

A

His authority was questioned
Lost the support of his army
Divine Right challenged
Subjects showed lack of respect
‘Prisoner’ in the Tuileries
Count Mirabeau died who favoured a constitutional monarchy in the NA

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37
Q

Why were the royal family prevented from leaving the Tuileries to spend Easter at a nearby castle?

A

A mob of National Guardsmen defied Lafayette and tried to stop them

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38
Q

Who urged the king to take action to resist the rev movement?

A

MA + his sister

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39
Q

Who were the King and Queen in contact with?

A

A growing band of emigre nobles who wanted Louis to assert his authority

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40
Q

Who did MA know that would help the royal family?

A

Her brother Leopold (Holy Roman Emperor and Archbishop of Austria)
Had troops near the French border under his control

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41
Q

What did the king and his advisors decide to do?

A

Flee Paris

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42
Q

What was the escape called?

A

Flight to Varennes
(The place they aimed to go)

43
Q

When did the escape attempts take place?

A

20/21st June 1791

44
Q

What went wrong with the escape?

A

Louis decided they should all travel together
He disapproved of the route
Departure delayed
Weight in coaches slowed them down
Louis was recognised by a man who was tipped off
Representatives of the NA escorted them back to Paris

45
Q

Who managed to escape the same day by a different route?

A

Louis’ brother

46
Q

What was the outcome of the Flight to Varennes?

A

Made people have new doubts about the kings sincerity

47
Q

What did Louis underestimated?

A

The popularity of the rev

48
Q

What did the NA give Louis?

A

A ‘temporary suspension’ until the new constitution was ready and he had sworn to sign and uphold it

49
Q

What effect did the FtoV have of the popular clubs?

A

There were calls for the kings abdication and trial
Calls for a Republic spread

50
Q

What is a Republic?

A

A country with no monarch or emporer

51
Q

What was the demonstration at the Champ de Mars?

A

The Cordeliers Club + more radical societies met at CdeM where people could sign a petition for a republic

52
Q

When did it take place?

A

17 July

53
Q

How many people attended?

A

6000

54
Q

Who was sent to ensure order?

A

Lafayette + NG

55
Q

How did this have the reverse effect?

A

As numbers increased Lafayette moved in and stones were thrown at the NG
Warning shots didn’t work so shots were fired directly at the crowd

56
Q

How many people were killed?

A

~ 50

57
Q

What did this come across as?

A

Radicals = betrayal of the people
Moderates = a massacre

58
Q

What did the CdeM complete?

A

The split that had already opened between the third estate

59
Q

What side did the men of wealth and property take when alarmed at the potential power of the mobs?

A

The ‘moderates’

60
Q

What did Lafayette and Barnarve do when the broke from the Jacobins?

A

Started their own moderate ‘Feuillant Club’

61
Q

What was their aim?

A

To stop the rev becoming more extreme

62
Q

What did they do to act on this?

A

Broke up CdeM
Closed patriotic clubs + newspapers
Drove extremist leaders underground

63
Q

Where did Danton flee to?

A

England

64
Q

Where did Danton + Desmoulins go?

A

Into hiding

65
Q

What did this cause?

A

Great anxiety and tension

66
Q

What made the anxiety worse?

A

Rumours of an Austrian invasion

67
Q

What happened on the 27 Aug?

A

The issuing of The Declaration of Pillnitz

68
Q

Who issued the DofP?

A

Austrian Emperor Leopold II
Frederick-William III of Prussia

69
Q

Why did they issue the DofP?

A

They felt they needed to make some gesture of support for the French Monarchy

70
Q

What did the DofP state?

A
  • Situation of French King was ‘common interest’ to all nations
  • Powers of French crown should be restored
  • They were ready to use force to get this
71
Q

What did the Declaration increase?

A

Mistrust from people who had already lost their faith in the monarchy

72
Q

What was more worrying to the frenchmen?

A

Threats of the emigrees forming armies in neighbouring countries waiting to return

73
Q

By the end of 1791 how many of these emigrees were pre-revolutionary army officers?

A

60%

74
Q

What met on 1 Oct 1791?

A

The new Legislative Assembly

75
Q

What did the Decree on Nov 9 say about emigres?

A

Threatened to take their property unless they returned to France before 1 Jan 1792

76
Q

What other religious Decree was made Nov 29?

A

A decree demanding that refractory priests take the oath or be treated as traitors

77
Q

What did Louis do against these measures?

A

Used his suspensory veto

78
Q

What did this do in the patriots minds?

A

Linked the two rebellious groups more closely together

79
Q

What’s a patriot?

A

Supporter of the rev

80
Q

What was the Assembly scared Prussia and Austria were doing?

A

Supporting the emigres and stirring counter-rev in France

81
Q

Why did the Deputies begin to talk about war with these countries?

A
  • It would unite the French people
  • Expose counter-rev traitors
  • Defend the ‘honour’ of the rev against its enemies
82
Q

Who claimed that war would be easily won?

A

Jacques- Pierre Brissot
The group known as the Brissotins

83
Q

What were the Brissotins later more commonly known as?

A

The Girodins

84
Q

Why did they think the war would be easily won?

A

The oppressed people of Austria + Prussia would welcome French soldiers as ‘men of liberty’

85
Q

Who opposed war?

A

Robespierre

86
Q

Why did he dispute with the Brissotin’s argument?

A

He thought that the revs first priority should be to establish the rev firmly at home

87
Q

Why did the Royal Family support war?

A

They wanted France to be defeated so he could regain more control

88
Q

Who were MA and Louis in contact with to help them?

A

Louis = His brothers
MA = Count Ferson + her brother Leopold

89
Q

What did Louis do to please the Assembly?

A

Appointed Girodin ministers

90
Q

What was made in Feb 1792?

A

An alliance with Austria and Prussia where Prussia promised 20,000 men in support of a war against France

91
Q

Who died on 1 Mar 1792?

A

Leopold II

92
Q

What happened when Leo’s successor Francis II lacked a response to French demands?

A

The deceleration of war on France
20 Apr 1792

93
Q

What were the two armies called?

A

The ‘blues’ + The ‘whites’

94
Q

What were the ‘blues’?

A

Volunteers largely from the NG

95
Q

What were the ‘whites’?

A

Men from the old royal navy

96
Q

Why did the ‘blues’ not trust the ‘whites’?

A

Blues believed in rev and whites worked for the king

97
Q

What was wrong with the commanders and officers?

A

Commanders = appointed by Louis
Officers = unexpirienced

98
Q

What was a setback on 28 Apr in Lille?

A

French troops retreated on sight of the enemy
They massacred one of their own officers that they unfairly accused of treason

99
Q

What happened to refractory priests on 27 May?

A

They were deported on the grounds they were ‘provoking disturbances’

100
Q

What happened to the King’s Guard on 29 May?

A

It was disbanded after celebrating military setbacks

101
Q

What decree was passed on 8 June?

A

A decree to help set up a federe camp of 2000 soldiers around France to expand the force of ‘National Guardsmen’

102
Q

What did Louis use against the three decrees?

A

His suspensory veto

103
Q

What was Lafayette accused of?

A

Planning counter-rev

Alevel French Revolution (24 decks)

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