Chapter 22 - The Control Of The Grand Empire Flashcards
What did N want his ‘Grand Empire’ to share?
F experience :
Destroying privilege
N legal codes
Concentrating power in central administration
When Empire was established somewhere what would follow?
Prefects
Sub-prefects
Tax collectors
Customs officers
Police commissaires + gendarmes
What happened to the territories that became greater F, e.g. German territories + Belgium?
Departements formed
administration integrated to the system in Paris
What happened to territories not under direct F control?
Systems more varied
Mimicked F own system with council of state + prefectural structure
Restructured fiscal administration
Who did N pick to be administrators?
A mixture of men from incorporated territories
What were some of these administrators?
Some honest
Some corrupt custom officers + speculating tax collectors
N appointed men who were disgraced to get them out of Paris
What did this provide for educated bourgeoisie people living in the satellite states?
Opportunities for promotions
Who were the roles at the top, in the satellite states reserved for?
People of French origin
What did the gendarmerie do in other places?
Reinforced power and authority
Established control for those who opposed F rule
Policed lawless areas
Where were the gendarmerie not well accepted?
Southern Italy
North German coast
(saw it as oppressive + unnecessary)
What did N have to rely on in Spain?
Regular army
Creating gendarmerie failed
What did N insist all devolved leaders do?
Report regularly
Refer major decisions to him
What caused delays when needing authorisation?
N read copies of budgets + documents
Sometimes had to be read by ministers
How was administration in Westphalia?
N bro Jerome
Est code N, abolished feudalism, religious tolerance
Where did his other bro meet resistance?
Naples + Spain
Which of N bro was forced to abdicate from Holland?
Louis
Failed to introduce conscription
Allowed self govt
What was the inner empire?
Well integrated countries
Belgium, Netherlands, Rhineland, most of W Germany, Switzerland, N Italy
What was the outer empire?
Satellite states + conquered territories
Control rested on insecure alliances
What was the policy of ‘France first’?
States paid for ‘privilege of F protection’
What was done to maximise the amount of revenue F could get from the satellite states?
Removal of privilege
Dismantled guild system + internal customs barriers
More tax collection
What did improved efficiencies do in Italy?
Raised tax revenue by 50%
How many taxes were replaced with 1 in Naples?
100
What did the new tax in Holland do?
Taxed commercial profits less than agricultural
Ensured support of wealthy merchants
What was the system of dotations?
Gave people the right to collect revenue from land seized
Passed down through male line
Couldn’t be sold without N permission
Couldn’t live on their own lands
What countries supplied 25% of dotations?
Westphalia
Poland
What did it do to these states?
Reduced their revenue
How much did the Duchy of Warsaw loose this way?
1/5th
What was N more concerned about in the satellite states?
Their contribution to the F budget
Not their self-sufficiency
Who were preferred in their treatment?
States under direct F control
What were the satellite states primarily for?
Raw materials + food
Couldn’t develop manufacturing industries - not to compete with F
When did the difference become unwelcome?
After Berlin Decree 1806
Milan Decree 1807
(continental system)
(The decree authorised French warships and privateers to capture neutral ships sailing from any port in Britain or any country that was occupied by British forces)
What did N hope the F industries would do?
Fill in the gaps left by the B
What part of the empire did well?
Inner empire
What country took advantage of of the ban on B cotton?
Belgium textile industry
What benefitted in the Rhineland?
Mining
Made more cohesive economic unit for Confederation of the Rhine
What non-F manufacturers suffered?
Silk industry in Lombardy
All silk sent to Lyons in F
What was less effected by N policies?
Agriculture
Where did all of Italys crops goes to?
France
What was widened in Italy?
Gap between North and South
As North was more prosperous + South more substant
What weren’t there enough of that meant trade was suffering?
Markets
Also heavy taxes
What other problems were there?
Over-production = collapse in prices
Slump = bad harvest
What other problems unrelated to N influence?
B industrial supremacy
Europe still only had small-scale industrial development
What did the F believe they needed to spread?
Enlightened principles
What did the Concordat do in 1801?
Ended secular privileges
Imposed religious toleration
What happened to church lands?
They were seized
Monasteries were abolished
What other changes happened with the Church?
Ended Tithe
Parish priests became civil servants
Religious festivals disappeared
Who liked the Concordat?
Rhineland businessmen
Industrialists
What did the Concordat provoke?
Peasant risings in Spain 1808
Other disturbances after seizure of the Pope
What religion specifically resented the Concordat?
Jewish in other countries didn’t like F imposition
Also leaders who didn’t like Jewish - Duchy of Warsaw suspended Jewish tolerance for 10 years
What was challenged everywhere the F est Control?
Feudal privilege
F got rid of tax exemptions, seigneural courts + Civil Code was imposed
What did the regime see landowners as?
Important agents for political stability
They were given positions of power
What was Serfdom?
A system where peasants were their masters’ property
What did the Empire fail to mostly do?
Change the structure of society in rural Europe
What did the Empire also want to gain?
Men for conscription
What did this provoke?
Peasant hostility + rebellion
How many men were called up from Westphalia?
600,000
38,000 died
Who suffered from F armies living off the land?
Peasant families
Destroyed their crops
Killed their animals
Used their homes for shelter
What law required registration of all men 18-40?
Jourdan’s Law 1798
Who were responsible to get overseas conscription?
F administrators
How many conscripts evaded service in 1804?
25%
How many conscripts evaded service in 1813?
10%
Who gained the most from the empire?
Those already est in the social hierarchy
Members of the military
