Chapter 16 - The Establishment Of The Consulate

Question 1

Did Abbé Sieyès support the 1795 constitution that set up the directory?

Answer 1

No

Question 2

What position did he accept when it failed to maintain stability?

Answer 2

Director
(May 1799)

Question 3

What coup did he play a significant part in?

Answer 3

Coup of Prairial

Question 4

What did he want to change?

Answer 4

People in the army
The constitution

Question 5

Who did S talk with about a coup d’etat (also called coup of Brumaire)?

Answer 5

General Joubert
He was killed in at Battle of Novi

Question 6

Who had returned and was liked by both Jacobins and royalists?

Answer 6

Napoleon

Question 7

What did S do in preparation for a coup?

Answer 7

Bribed council members
23 Oct arranged N bro Lucien to be elected President if Cof500
Troops were deployed around Paris

Question 8

What was the plan?

Answer 8

Persuade Directors to resign
Persuade 2 Councils to appoint a commission to draw a new constitution

Question 9

What happened morning of 18 Brumaire?

Answer 9

Members of CofA (liked the coup) warned colleagues of Jacobin conspiracy

Question 10

What were the 2 assemblies convinced to do?

Answer 10

Leave Paris
Go to former palace Saint-Cloud
Away from potential Jacobin mobs

Question 11

What did N promise?

Answer 11

To ensure safety of 2 councils
He took command of Parisian troops
His commander Murat moved 6000 men into position

Question 12

What happened the same morning?

Answer 12

Sieyès + Ducos resigned as Directors
Baras was also persuaded to step down

Question 13

What happened to the remaining Directors?

Answer 13

Put under house arrest
But councils continued to meet

Question 14

What had the deputies realised by 10 Nov?

Answer 14

They were facing an attempted coup by the army
Not protected from Jacobin rebellion

Question 15

What did he do when he failed to make an impression?

Answer 15

Moved to Cof500
Was met with threats
Lucien helped by getting palace guards to intervene

Question 16

What did they do when guards came in?

Answer 16

Deputies left
Some jumped out of windows
The remaining had to be forced out

Question 17

Where did Lucien find new deputies?

Answer 17

From the CofA who were prepared to obey his orders of appointing 3 Consuls to run govt

Question 18

Who were the 3 Consuls?

Answer 18

Sieyes
Ducos
Napoleon

Question 19

Why did Sieyes mount the coup?

Answer 19

To establish an executive that had strong leadership

Question 20

Who worked to prepare the new constitution?

Answer 20

Sieyes
N friend Pierre Daunou helped

Question 21

When was the constitution adopted?

Answer 21

24 Dec 1799

Question 22

What was it known as?

Answer 22

Constitution of Year VIII

Question 23

What did the new structure look like?

Answer 23

First Consul
Council of State - Senate
Tribunate - Legislative Body
6000 Notables
Departmental list
Communal list
6 million citizens

Question 24

What was the 6 million citizens?

Answer 24

First stage of voting:
Men over 21
Lived in same house for 1 year
Voted 10% of themselves to be on communal list

Question 25

What was the Communal list?

Answer 25

600,000
Members selected 10% to form departmental list

Question 26

What was the departmental list?

Answer 26

60,000
10% selected to form ‘Notables’

Question 27

Who were the Notables?

Answer 27

Senate selected members from here to be part of the legislative

Question 28

What was the Tribunate?

Answer 28

The lower chamber of the legislature
Had 100 members
Discussed legislation but didn’t vote

Question 29

What was the legislative body?

Answer 29

Upper chamber of legislature
Had 300 members
Voted on legislation but didn’t discuss it

Question 30

What was the Senate?

Answer 30

80 members nominated by 1st consul
Appointed for life
Duty to ‘protect the constitution’ advised 1st Consul on draft legislation
Selected deputies for 2 bodies of legislature
Could override decisions made by legislature using senatus consultum

Question 31

What is senatus consultum?

Answer 31

A senatorial decree that was not referred to the Tribunate or Legislative Body

Question 32

What was the Council of State?

Answer 32

Chosen by 1st Consul
Acted as advisory body
Nominated officials + prepared draft legislation

Question 33

What was the First Consul?

Answer 33

Shared executive power with 2 others
Held office for 10 years
Appointed ministers
Acted as director of policy + initiator of all legislation

Question 34

What were S ideas?

Answer 34

Having a single Grand Elector as Head of State - N vetoed this
Wanted 2 consuls that had separate powers one for internal affairs and the other for external
He wanted N to be head of external
N insisted on ‘First Consul’ + 2 others advised
Supported idea of senate protecting

Question 35

What did S do in the new constitution?

Answer 35

Disappointed with outcome of his work
Him + Ducos - entered new senate

Question 36

Who were the 2 replacement consuls?

Answer 36

Jean-Jaques Régis de Cambacérès
Charles-François Lebrun
Both very loyal to N

Question 37

What was this the first constitution in the rev to not have?

Answer 37

A Declaration of Rights

Question 38

How many people were allowed to serve in a legislature?

Answer 38

6,000 out of 6,000,000 males

Question 39

What percentage of the members of the legislature had to be replaced annually?

Answer 39

20%