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Alevel French Revolution > Chapter 5 - The Revolution, May - October 1789 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - The Revolution, May - October 1789 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the last great ceremony of the ancien regime?

A

The estates general

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2
Q

How many representatives arrived?

A

1200

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3
Q

When did the first session of the EG begin?

A

5 May

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4
Q

Who opened the EG?

A

Louis
(Addressed the circumstances leading to the meeting)

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5
Q

What concerns of the third estate did Louis fail to address?

A

No ‘reform package’
Didn’t know how the meeting would proceed + how voting would take place

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6
Q

What did the third estate not want to do?

A

Meeting separately to the first two estates

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7
Q

What did the third estate want before verification?

A

Voting by head agreement

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8
Q

Who was one of the most influential third estate leaders of these weeks?

A

Abbé Sieyès

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9
Q

What did Sieyès argue?

A

The third estate was ‘the nation’ and had every right to act alone if others refused to join it

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10
Q

Who joined the third estate deputies?

A

Clerics
(Not nobles)

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11
Q

What did the third estate vote to call itself?

A

The National Assembly

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12
Q

What was the NA intentions?

A

To represent the nation
To make its own decisions on the future of the French state

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13
Q

Who then also joined the third estate?

A

The Clergy

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14
Q

What had the kings intention been on?

A

His eldest son who died of tuberculosis of the spine

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15
Q

Who was persuading Louis to make a reform package?

A

Necker

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16
Q

Why were the doors to the assembly room locked and guarded the 20 June?

A

There needed to be alterations to the room

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17
Q

Why did they fear the worst?

A

They hadn’t been told

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18
Q

What did they think the king was doing?

A

Forcibly dissolving the assembly

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19
Q

Who was their elected president?

A

Jean-Sylvain Bailly

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20
Q

What did they do as a result?

A

Found the nearest available indoor space = the royal tennis court

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21
Q

What did they swear at the new meeting area?

A

The ‘Tennis Court Oath’

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22
Q

What was the declaration?

A

To never disband until a new constitution is formed
It was a direct challenge to the king

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23
Q

What did Louis accept in the royal session on 23 June?

A

Fairer land tax
New taxation

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24
Q

What did the deputies dislike Louis doing?

A

Continuing to use the term ‘Estates General’
Refusing to accept the name ‘National Assembly’
Demanded the estates still met separately

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25
Q

What did members do at the end of the session?

A

Refused to leave in an act of defiance

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26
Q

Where were constant meetings held the following days?

A

Palais-Royal

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27
Q

Who stirred up fury against the court?

A

Desmoulins

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28
Q

How many troops did the king bring in wars of these developments?

A

4,800
To Paris

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29
Q

What did Louis do 27 June?

A

Recognised the NA
Permitted voting by head

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30
Q

What were the rumours?

A

Plots to arrest deputies
Destroy the Assembly
Cut off grain supply
Starve Paris into submission

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31
Q

By 4 July how many troops were in Paris?

A

30,000

32
Q

What were the troops made up of?

A

Foreign mercenaries
Couldn’t rely on the loyalty of French troops

33
Q

Who did Louis dismiss 11 July?

A

Necker

34
Q

What prices were high due to a bad harvest?

A

Bread

35
Q

What were some general influences on the Parisians?

A

Versailles 20km away
Thriving printing industry
Skilled artisans lived near Bastille
Reliant on regular employment
High literacy rate
Wealthy moved out
Food supplies had entry taxes
Rumours spread easily

36
Q

What are specific influences of the Parisians?

A

Bad harvests = bread prices
Migrants to Paris for work
Rumours of hoarding
Fears of wage reductions
Compilation of cahiers
Pamphlets + newspapers
Troops = fear
Palais-Royal heard rev thinking

37
Q

Where did mobs raid 12-13 July?

A

Sword-smiths
Gun shops
Custom posts (barrières)
Prisons
Factories
Monastery of Saint-Lazare

38
Q

What did the some of the royal troops do?

A

Joined the rioters

39
Q

What did some Parisian electors set up to take control of the city?

A

The Commune

40
Q

What did the Commune organise?

A

A National Guard of volunteers that would ‘police’ the city and protect the king

41
Q

Where did a crowd of 8000 descend on 14 July?

A

Les Invalides
Where 32,000 muskets + artillery were found

42
Q

What were the artillery useless without?

A

Gunpowder

43
Q

Where did they go to find stores of gunpowder?

A

The Bastille

44
Q

What happened at the Bastille?

A

People forced their way in
70 ‘attackers’ were killed

45
Q

What did Louis do from this?

A

Addressed Parisians in Paris
Reinstated Necker
Accepted NA, NG, Paris Commune

46
Q

What did people in towns across France do?

A

Angry mobs attacked houses of magistrates and royal officials = forcing them to flee

47
Q

What did the peasants think from messages from the capital?

A

The end to their burdens and new wealth and status

48
Q

What did they do from this?

A

Refused to pay taxes
Attacked landlords chateaux
Burnt fences + hedges + barns
Sought terriers + titres de ventes et devoirs

49
Q

What are terriers?

A

The deeds listing the landowners feudal rights

50
Q

What are the titres de ventes et devoirs?

A

Records of sales and obligations owed

51
Q

What did peasants think would happen if they were destroyed?

A

Feudal rights would also be gone

52
Q

What weather conditions meant there were economic issues?

A

1788 spring drought
Poor harvest
Bad winter

53
Q

What is the ‘Great Fear’?

A

Rumours of Nobles stealing grain from farms or preparing to attack farming families
Emigres rumoured to return with foreign armies

54
Q

What did people do when grain merchants and aristocrats were making vast profits from scarce grain?

A

Attacked grain convoys

55
Q

What did the NA do to respond to the ‘great fear’?

A

Abolished feudal rights

56
Q

What was also taken away in that Assembly session?

A

Privileges of the nobility and the church

57
Q

What August decrees were worked out over the subsequent days?

A
  • Feudal dues abolished + no compensation to landlords
  • Exclusive rights to owning pigeons + dovecotes + hunting abolished
  • Abolished = seigneurial courts + tithe + fees + payments to priests + privileges from provinces + venality
  • All loans or harvest shares could be bought back
  • All citizens eligible for all ecclesiastical, civilian, military positions
58
Q

What was made to summarise the revolutionaries’ ideals and create a new framework for the new constitution?

A

A ‘Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen’

59
Q

When was the declaration passed?

A

26 August 1789

60
Q

Where did the rights derive from?

A

The Enlightenment

61
Q

Which Philosophes were particularly an influence?

A

Montesquieu = separation of powers
Rousseau = social contract

62
Q

What were put forward for the king’s assent?

A

The August Decrees
Declaration of Rights

63
Q

What did Louis regret in his rejected assent?

A

His former acceptance of the NA

64
Q

What did Louis hope would happen?

A

Difficulty in maintaining order would split the revolutionaries + cause govt to collapse

65
Q

What did the NA offer the king?

A

A dispensary veto

66
Q

What was he seen doing in October?

A

Summoning troops back to Paris

67
Q

What fears came from this?

A

That the assembly would close down again

68
Q

What was held to celebrate the return of the king’s Flanders’s regiment?

A

A banquet

69
Q

What created public outrage?

A

Toasts and oaths of loyalty to the king
Waving the Tricolore

70
Q

Why did women March to Versailles?

A

Struggling to find bread for their families

71
Q

How many marched?

A

6000-7000

72
Q

When did they march?

A

5 October 1789

73
Q

Who followed to make sure the safety of the king?

A

Lafayette + NG

74
Q

What did the king do after the crowds forced admittance to the palace?

A

Provide more grain
Accept Aug Decrees + RMAC
His family would move to Paris

75
Q

Where were the royal family escorted to on the 6 Oct?

A

The Tuileries Palace

76
Q

Why did the Assembly then move to Paris?

A

Business was impossible without the king

Alevel French Revolution (24 decks)

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