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Biol 235 > Chapter 8: The Appendicular Skeleton: Upper limbs and girdles > Flashcards

Chapter 8: The Appendicular Skeleton: Upper limbs and girdles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the appendicular skeleton?

A

Movement

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2
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

A

Both upper and lower limbs and the girdles of of both that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton

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3
Q

What attaches the bones of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton?

A

Two pectoral (shoulder) girdles

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4
Q

What does each pectoral girdle consist of?

A

A clavicle and a scapula

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5
Q

WHat is the anterior bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint?

A

The clavicle

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6
Q

What is the posterior bone that articulates with the clavicle at teh acromioclavicular joint and with the humerous at the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?

A

Scapula

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7
Q

What is attached to the vertebral column and ribs to the scapula that hold the scapula in positon and keep it stabilized?

A

a large group of muscles

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8
Q

What is the name of the joint where the clavicle and scaula join?

A

Acromioclavicular joint

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9
Q

Where is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

At the clavicle and scapula meeting point

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10
Q

What is the name of the joint where the scapula articulates with the humerus?

A

Glenohumeral joint

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11
Q

Where is the glenohumeral joint located?

A

At the articualtion of the head of the humerus bone and the scapula

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12
Q

What part of the clavicle articulates with the clavicular notch of the manubrium of the sternum to form the sternoclavicular joint?

A

The rounded, sternal end of the clavicle

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13
Q

What part of the clavicle is broad, flat and articulates with the scapula to form the acromioclavicular joint?

A

The acromial end

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14
Q

What meets to form the acromioclavicular joint?

A

The acromial end of the clavicle and the scapula

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15
Q

This part of the pectoral girdle is a large, triangular, flat bone on the superior, posterior thorax between the levels of the second and seventh ribs

A

scapula

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16
Q

What is the prominent ridge called that runs diagonally across the posterior surface of the scapula?

A

The spine

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17
Q

What is the lateral end of the scapular spine called that projects as a flattened, expanded process?

A

Acromion

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18
Q

This is a shallow depression on the scapula that is below the the acromion and receives the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral joint

A

The glenoid cavity

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19
Q

What forms the glenohumeral joint?

A

The glenoid cavity of the scaulpa and the head of the humerus

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20
Q

What is the thin edge of the scapula, closest to the spine, called?

A

Medial or vertebral border

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21
Q

What is the thick edge of the scapula, closer to the arm, called?

A

Axillary or lateral border

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22
Q

What is form at the joint borders of the lateral (axilllary) border and the medial (verterbal) border of the scapula?

A

The inferior angle

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23
Q

What is the border at the top of the scapula called?

A

Superior border

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24
Q

What does the superior border and medial border joining area create?

A

The superior angle

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25
Q

Where are the 30 bones of the upper limb distributed in the 3 areas of the limb?

A
  1. the humerus in the arm
  2. The ulna and radius in the forearm
  3. 27 in the hand/wrist
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26
Q

What are the three areas of the hand/wrist and how many bones in each?

A
  1. The carpus (Wrist) has 8 carpals
  2. The metacarpus (palm) has 5 metacarpals
  3. The fingers have 14 phalanges
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27
Q

What is the name of the bone that makes up the skeleton of the arm of the upper limb?

A

The humerus

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28
Q

What feature of what bone does the round head of the humerus articulate to proximally to form the glenohumeral joint?

A

the glenoid cavity of the scapula

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29
Q

What two bones does the humerus articulate with distally?

A

the radius and ulna

30
Q

What is distal to the head of the humerus? This site is the former site of the growth plate in an adult bone. It appears as a visible oblique groove

A

anatomical neck of humerus

31
Q

What is the lateral projection that is distal the neck of the humerus and immediately below the palpable acromion of the scapula? Used as a bony landmark (ie injections)

A

The greater tubercle of the humerus

32
Q

This tubercle is next to the greater tubercle and projects anteriorly

A

The lesser tubercle

33
Q

What is the name of the groove found between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus?

A

The intertubercular sulcush

34
Q

at attaches to the deltoid tuberosity of the medial portion of the shaft of the humerus?

A

the tendons of the deltoid muscle

35
Q

Describe the girth of the humerus

A

Round at the top and then becomes gradually triangular and then eventually broad and flat at distal end (elbow)

36
Q

What is the rounded knob on the lateral aspect of the humerus distal end that articulates with the head of the radius?

37
Q

What is the spool shaped surface on the distal humerus, medial to the capitulum, that articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna?

38
Q

What is the anterior depression on the distal end of the humerus, between the capitulum and trochlea that receives the coronoid process of the ulan when the arm is flexed?

A

The coronoid fossa

39
Q

What does the coronoid process mergbe with when arm bent

A

coronoid fossa

40
Q

A large posterior depression in the distal end of the humerus that receives the olecranon of the ulna when the forearm is extended

A

olecranon fossa

41
Q

What are the rough projections on either side of the distal humerus that tendons and most muscles of the formarm attach to?

A

lateral and medial epicondylesW

42
Q

This forearm bone is located on the medial side of the forearm and is longer than the other bone

43
Q

This is the smaller of the two forearm bones and is lovated on the lateral side of the forearm; it is narrow at its proximal end and widens at its distal end

A

The radius

44
Q

What two structures does the head of the radius articulate with?

A

The capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna

45
Q

What is the radial tuberosity?

A

An attachment point for the tendons of the biceps brachii muscle

46
Q

What process is on the lateral side of the distal end of the radius?

A

The styloid process

47
Q

What is the area on the radius that articulates with the head of the ulna?

A

The ulnar notch

48
Q

What are the articulations that form the elbow joint

A

The trochlea of the humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna

The capitulum of the humerus articulates with the radial head

49
Q

What three sites do the ulna and radius connect with each other at?

A
  1. Interosseous membrane joins the shafts
  2. Proximally, the head of the radius articulates with the ulna at the radial notch
  3. Distally, the ulnar head articulates with the ulnar notch on the radius
50
Q

What is the joint called that is formed from the articulation of the ulnar notch on the radius and the ulnar head?

A

distal radioulnar joint

51
Q

What is the joint called that is formed from the articulation of the radial notch on the ulna and the radial head?

A

The proximal radioulnar joint

52
Q

What three bones of the wrist does the distal end of the radius articulate with?

A

The lunate, scaphoid and triquetrum

53
Q

What joint is formed by the articulation of the caphoid, lunate, triquetrum and radius?

A

the radiocarpal joint

54
Q

This consists of 8 carpals, joined by ligaments

A

The carpus

55
Q

The joints between carpals are called….

A

intercarpal joints

56
Q

What is the layout of the 8 bones?

A

Two transverse rows of 4 bones each

57
Q

What bones make the proximal row from lateral to medial?

A
  1. Scaphoid
  2. Lunate
  3. Triquetrum
  4. pisiform
58
Q

What bones make up the distal row of carpals from lateral to medial?

A
  1. Trapezium
  2. Trapezoid
  3. Capitate
  4. Hamate
59
Q

S) sub
L) lingual
T) tablets
P) plus
T) tylenol
T) tea
C) can
H) Harm

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquelum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

60
Q

What forms the carpal tunnel?

A

The hamate and pisiform on the medial side and the scaphoid and trapezium on the lateral side, covered with fibrous bands of connective tissue (flexor retinaculum)

61
Q

This part of the hand consists of 5 metacarpals

A

The metacarpus

62
Q

What are the three parts of a metacarpal bone?

A

The proximal base
Intermediate Shaft
Distal head

63
Q

What joint is formed by the articulation of the bases of the 5 metacarpals with the distal row of carpal bones?

A

The carpometacarpal joints

64
Q

What joints are formed by the articulation of the heads of the 5 metacarpals with the proximal phlanges?

A

Metacrpophalangeal joints

65
Q

What at the knucles?

A

The heads of the metacarpals

66
Q

These are the bones of the digits

67
Q

How are the metacarpals and digits numbered?

A

1-5 beginning with the thumb

68
Q

What does each phalanx consist of?

A

A proximal base
An Intermediate shaft
A distal head

69
Q

What two phalanges make up the pollex (thumb)

A

the proximal and distal phalanges

70
Q

What are the 3 phalanges of the other 4 digits labelled?

A

Proximal, middle, and distal phalanges

71
Q

What are joints between phalanges called?

A

interphalangeal joints

Biol 235 (15 decks)

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