Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biol 235 > Chapter 3.4 The Cytoplasm > Flashcards

Chapter 3.4 The Cytoplasm Flashcards

1
Q

This consists of all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Two components of cytoplasm

A
  1. Cytosol
  2. Organelles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • Intracellular fluid
  • accounts for about 55% of cell volume
  • the site of many chemical reactions
A

Cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A network of protein filaments that extend throughout the cytosol

A

Cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Three types of filaments that contribute to the cytoskeleton and some organelles structures

A
  1. Microfilament
  2. Intermediate filaments
  3. Microtubules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The thinnest elements of the cytoskeleton

A

Microfilament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Two general functions of the microfilaments

A
  1. Help generate movement
  2. Provide mechanical support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do microfilaments also provide support for?

A

Cell extensions called Microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do microvilli do?

A

Increase surface area and very abundant on absortive cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe 3 functions of intermediate filaments

A

Found in parts of cells subject to mechanical stress
Help stabilize organelles
Help attach cells to other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe microtubules

A

Largest

Long, unbranched hollow tubes made mostly of tubulin protein

Start in the centrosome

Determine cell shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Specialized structures within the cell that have characteristic shapes, and perform specific functions in cellular growth, maintenance and reproduction

A

Organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Microtubule organizing centre, located near nucleus; this replicates during cell division so that succeeding generations of cells have the capacity for cell division

A

Centrosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What organelle consists of a pair of centrioles and the pericentriolar matrix?

A

Centrosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a centriole?

A

Two cylindrical structures formed by 9 clusters of 3 microtubules arranged in a circular pattern. Long axis of one is at the right angle to the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This contains hundreds of ring shaped complexes composed of tubulin

A

pericentriolar matrix

17
Q

Motile projections of the cell surface

A

Cilia and flagella

18
Q

numerous short, hairlike projections that extend from the surface of the cell

20 microtubules surrounded by plasma membrane

A

Cilia

19
Q

Moves fluid along a cells surface

attached to basal body below surface of plasma membrane

A

Cilia

20
Q

Moves the entire cell

A

Flagellum

21
Q

Similar in structure to cilia, but longer

Move the entire cell

Generates forward motion along its axis by wiggling in a wavelike pattern

A

Flagellum

22
Q

Organelles that are the sites of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

23
Q

What do ribosomes in the mitochondria do?

A

Synthesize mitochondrial proteins

24
Q

What is a network of membranes in the form of flattened sacs or tubules that extends from the nuclear envelope and projects through the cytoplasm?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

25
Q

Two types of ER - endoplasmic reticulum

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

26
Q

The ER is continuous with the nuclear membrane

Folded into a series of flattened sacs

OUter surface is studded with ribosomes

Synthesizes glycoproteins and phospholipids that are transferred into cellular organelles, inserted into plasma membrane, or secreted through exocytosis

A

Rought endoplasmic reticulum

27
Q

Extends from the rough ER to form a network of membrane tubules

No ribosomes

Contains unique enzymes that make it more diverse

Synthesizes fatty acids and steroids like estrogen and progesterone

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

28
Q

Golgi complex

A

consists of 3-20 cisterns (small flattened membnranous stacs with buldging edges)

More extensive in cells that produce proteins

29
Q

What is the structure of the golgi complex

A

Entry (convex) face (CIS)= faces ER

Exit (concave) face (trans) = faces the plasma membrane

Medial cisterns in between

30
Q

GC Secretory Vesicle

A

Delivers protein to membrane for exocytosis from cell

31
Q

GC Membrane vesicle

A

Delivers protein to plasma membrane for local use

32
Q

GC transport vesicle

A

Carry proteins to other areas of the cell

33
Q

Membrane enclosed vesicles that form from the golgi complex; contain powerful hydrolytic and digestive enzymes that can break down molecules

A

Lysosomes

34
Q

These enzymes help recycle worn out cell structures

A

lysosomal enzymes

35
Q

Process by which entire worn out oganelles are digested

A

autophagy

36
Q

Vesicle created from an ER membrane that encloses old organelles and then attaches to a lysosome

A

autophagosome

37
Q

When a lysosome destroys the entire cell that contains it

A

Autolysis

38
Q
A

Biol 235 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions