Chapter 4: tissues - membranes

Question 1

Sheets of pliable tissue that cover or line a part of the body

Answer 1

Membranes

Question 2

Epithelial Membranes

Answer 2

Majority of membranes

Have an epithelial layer and an underlying connective tissue layer

Include mucous membranes, serous membranes, and the cutaneous membrane (skin)

Question 3

Synovial Membranes

Answer 3

Second type of membrane, no epithelial layer

lines joints and contains connective tissue

Question 4

Membranes

Answer 4

Mucous Membranes
Serous Membranes
Cutaneous Membrane

Question 5

Mucous Membrane (mucosa)

Answer 5

Lines a body cavity that opens direclty to the exterior

• lining layer of epithelium with underlying connective tissue layer
• contains goblet cells for mucous
• tight junctions as barrier of protection

Question 6

Mucous membrane connective tissue layer?

Answer 6

Areolar CT
(Mature, CT Proper)

Called the Lamina Propria

Question 7

Serous Membrane

Answer 7

lines a body cavity that does not open directly to the outside

covers organs within cavity

Areolar connective tissue covered by mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium)

Parietal layer - attached to and lining cavity wall

Visceral layer - covers adn adheres to the orgrans

Mesothelium secretes serous fluid

Question 8

Cutaneous Membrane

Answer 8

skin

epidermis is superficial portion - keratanized stratified squamous epithelium

dermis is deeper portion - dense irregular connective tissue and areolar connective tissue

Question 9

Synovial Membrane

Answer 9

line the cavisities of freely moveable joints

lack epithelium

discontinuous layer of synoviocytes and a layer of connective tissue

synoviocytes secrete synovial fluid

synovial fluid lubricates and nourishes cartilage in moveable joint, contains macrophages that remove debris and microbes from the joint

Question 9

Muscular tissue

Answer 9

consists of elongated cells called muscle fibres or myocytes that use ATP for energy to generate force

Question 9

myocytes

Answer 9

muscle fibres (cells)

Question 10

Function of muscular tissue

Answer 10

movement, posture, generate heat

Question 11

3 classifications of muscular tissue

Answer 11

1. skeletal
2. cardiac
3. smooth

Question 12

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Answer 12

COmponsed of long, cylindrical striated fibres (alternating light and dark bands within fibres)

vary inlegnth

muscle fibre is roughly cylindrical, multinucleated with nuclei at the periphery

Voluntary muscle

Usually attached to bones by tendons

help with motion,posture, heat and protection

Question 13

CArdiac Muscle Tissue

Answer 13

branched, striated fibres with usually one centrally located nucleus (sometimes 2)

attached end to end by intercalated discs (transverse thickenings of plasma membrane) that have desmosomes and gap junctions

Gap junction - route for electrical signals

desmosomes - strength

Involuntary

Question 14

Smooth muscle tissue

Answer 14

Nonstriated fibres that are a small spindle shaped cell - thickest in the middle, tapered at each end

single central nucleus

gap junctions connect them usually (in small intestine for example)

usually involuntary

no gap junction - fibres then contract individually (iris of eye)

walls of hollow organs, iris, blood vessels, airways to lungs, stomach, bladder, uterus

Function is motion (move things through things)

Question 15

Nervous tissue

Answer 15

Two types of cells

• neurons
• neuroglia

Question 16

Neurons

Answer 16

nerve cells; sensitive to stimuli

Convert stimuli into electrical signals called “nerve action potentials” (nerve impulses) and conduct them to other neurons, muscle tissue or glands

Question 17

Three basic parts of a neuron

Answer 17

1. cell body
2. axons
3. dendrites

Question 18

Neuron cell body

Answer 18

contains the nucleus and other organelles

Question 19

Neuron Dendrite

Answer 19

tapering, highly branched and usually short cell processes

major recieving portion of a neuron

Question 20

Neuron Axon

Answer 20

Single thin sylindrical process that may be very long

sends output by conducting nerve impulses toward another neuron or tissue

Question 21

Neuroglia

Answer 21

D o not generate or conduct nerve impulses

Question 22

Excitable Cells

Answer 22

Muscle fibres and neurons are considered excitable cells because they exhibit electrical excitability

Question 23

electrical excitability

Answer 23

the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing electrical signals