Chapter 2: The Chemical Level of Organization Flashcards
List the main chemical elements of the human body
The science of the structure and interactions of matter
Chemistry
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass; made up of chemical elements
Mass
The amount of matter in any object, which does not change
Weight
The force of gravity acting on matter; this can change
Three states of matter
solids, liquids and gas
Chemical Elements
Make up all forms of matter, living and non-living.
There are 118; 92 are naturally occuring
How many chemical elements are normally present in your body?
26
Name the 4 major elements that constitute approximately 96% of the body’s mass
oxygen (O)
carbon (C)
hydrogen (H)
nitrogen (N)
Name the 8 lesser elements that contribute to about 3.6% of the body’s mass
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Calcium (Ca)
Phosphorus (P)
Potassium (K)
Sulfur (S)
Sodium (Na)
Chloride (Cl)
Magnesium (Mg)
Iron (Fe)
What is the term for the remaining elements that make up 0.4% of body mass
Trace Elements
Eg Iodine
Three categories of elements
- Major Elements
- Lesser Elements
- Trace Elements
The smallest units of matter that retain the properties and characteristics of an element
Atom
These make up atoms
Subatomic Particles
3 types of subatomic particles
Proton, neutron, and electrons
Nucleus of an atom
The dense central core
Where are protons, p+, and neutrons, N0, found within the atom
The nucleus
Where are electrons, e-, found in an atom?
How do they move?
They move about in a space surrounding the nucleus
Form a ‘cloud’ around the nucleus and do not move in a fixed pathway
Certain regions around the nucleus that specific groups of electrons are most likely to move about within. Each one of these can hold a specific number of electrons.
Electron Shells
How many electrons does each electron shell hold?
First (closest to nucleus) = max 2
Second = max of 8
Third = max 18
Atomic Number
The number of protons within an atoms nucleus
Mass Number
The sum of an atoms protons and neutrons
Sodium has 11 protons and 12 neutrons, what is it’s atomic number and it’s mass number?
Atomic number is 11
Mass number is 23
Isotopes
Atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons and therefore different mass numbers
Identical chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons