Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biol 235 > Chapter 3.7: Cell Division > Flashcards

Chapter 3.7: Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of cell division

A

Somatice and reproductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A somatic cell

A

Any cell in the body other than a germ cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A germ cell

A

a gamete (sperm or oocyte) or any precursor cell distined to become a gamete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This type of cell division, the cell undergoes a nuclear division called mitosis and a cytoplasmic division called cytokinesis

Produces two genetically identical cells

A

Somatic cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The cell divison that produces gametes,

A

Reproductive cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Special two step division that produces two cells, each with half the DNA of the original cell

A

Meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Two chromosomes that make up a pair

A

Homologous chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do we call the orderly sequence of events in which somatic cells duplicates its contents, and divides in two?

A

The cell cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do diploid cells contain?

A

Two sets of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The two major periods of the cell cycle

A

Interphase and mitotic phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Interphase

A

When a somatic cell is not dividing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mitotic Phase (M)

A

When a somatic cell is dividing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What phase is the time that cell does most of its growing?

A

Interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 phases of interphase?

A

G1 (Gap phase)
S (synthesis of DNA)
G2 (Gap )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens during G1 phase of interphase of a somatic cell?

A

interval between mitotic phase and S phase.
Most organelles cystolic components are replicated
High metabolic activity

Very short in embryonic cells and cancer cells (rapid growing cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is G0 phase?

A

Cells that remain in G1 for a long time and possibly may not replicate again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the S Phase of interphase?

A

Between G1 and G2

Lasts about 8 hours

DNA is replicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the G2 phase?

A

The gap of interphase between S phase and the start of the mitotic phase

Approx 4-6 hours

Cell growth continues, enzymes and other proteins needed are synthesized for cell division, replication of centrosomes are completed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This phase of cell divison of somatic cells results in the formation of two identical cells and consists of two divisions - nuclear (mitosis) and cytoplasmic (cytokinesis)

A

Mitotic Phase

20
Q

The distribution of two identical sets of chromosomes into two seperate nuclei

Process consists of 4 stages

A

Mitosis

21
Q

The 4 stages of mitosis (nuclear division)

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
22
Q

Prophase

A
  • chromatin fibres condense and shorten
  • Each chormosome consists of a pair of chromatidss
  • chromatids held together by centromere
  • pericentriolar material of centrosomes start to form mitotic spindle
  • microtubules push centrosomes to poles of cell
  • nucleolus disappears and envelope breaks down
23
Q

Metaphse

A

the microtubules of the mitotic spindle align the centromeres of the chromatid pairs at the exact center of the mitotic spindle

24
Q

The plane of alignment of the centromeres

A

metaphase plate

25
Q

Anaphase

A
  • centromeres splie, separating the halves of the chromatid pair which move towards opposite sides of cell
  • ## chromatids now called chromosomes
26
Q

Telophase

A

Final stage
-begins once movement of chromosomes stops
- chromosomes at opposite ends of cell are identical and uncoil and revent to the threadlike chromatin form
- new nuclear envelopes form around each mas
- mitotic spindle breaks up

27
Q

Part of mitotic phase

Involves division of cytoplasm and organelles into two identical cells

Begins in late anaphase with formation of cleavage furrow

A

Cytokenesis

28
Q

Three possible destinies of cells

A
  1. Remain alive and functioning without dividing
  2. To grow and divide
  3. to die
29
Q

Contractile ring in cytokenesis

A

Actin microfilaments that pulls the plasema membrane progressively inwards; eventually pinches the cell into two

30
Q

Normal type of cell death

A

apoptosis

31
Q

pathalogical type of cell death

A

necrosis

32
Q

Reproductive cell division of sex cells that produces gametes in the gonads and results in cells with half the chromosomes

A

Meiosis

33
Q

What are the two stages of meiosis

A

Meiosis 1

Meiosis 2

34
Q

What are the four stage of Meiosis I

A
  1. Prophase I
  2. Metaphase I
  3. Anaphase I
  4. Telophase I
35
Q

Crossing over

A

exchanging of parts between non sister chromatids

36
Q

synapsis

A

two sister chromatids of each pair of homologous chromosomes pair off

37
Q

tetrad

A

the resulting four chromatid structure of synapsis

38
Q

Formation of new combinations of geners unlike the starting cell that produced them?

A

Genetic recombination

39
Q

Metaphase I

A

The tetrads line up on the metaphase plate

40
Q

Anaphase I

A

each pair is split as pulled in opposite directions by the microtubules attached to the centromeres

41
Q

Telephase I and cytokenesis of Meiois

A

similar to these phases in somatic cell division

42
Q

Haploid cell

A

the resulting cell from Meiosis I becaue it contains only half the number of chromosomes as the original cell

43
Q

Meiosis II phases

A

Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II

44
Q

Result of Meiosis

A

4 haploid gametes that are genetically different

45
Q
A

Biol 235 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions