Chapter 8 - Skin Disorders

Question 1

cutaneous vasodilation

Answer 1

increases blood flow to the skin severalfold, substantially increasing convective transfer of heat from the core to the periphery

Question 2

convective

Answer 2

the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat

Question 3

vasodilation

Answer 3

the dilatation of blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure

Question 4

vitiligo

Answer 4

small areas of hypopigmentation that may gradually spread to involve larger areas

Question 5

melasma

Answer 5

Also called: chloasma; a skin condition characterized by brown or blue-gray patches or freckle-like spots

Question 6

macule

Answer 6

a patch of skin that is altered in color but usually not elevated

Question 7

nodule

Answer 7

a small mass of rounded or irregular shape

Question 8

papule

Answer 8

a small solid usually conical elevation of the skin, often filled with pus

Question 9

pustule

Answer 9

a small circumscribed elevation of the skin containing pus and having an inflamed base

Question 10

circumscribe (verb)

Answer 10

(1) to constrict the range or activity of definitely and clearly
(2) to draw a line around, to surround
(3) to construct or be constructed around (a geometrical figure) so as to touch as many points as possible (e.g. a circle circumscribing a square)

Question 11

plaque

Answer 11

(1) an ornament, decoration, or commemorative tablet
(2) a localized, slightly elevated, abnormal patch on a body part or surface
(3) a sticky usually colorless film on teeth that is formed by and harbors bacteria
(4) a lesion in the cardiovascular system or the brain
(5) a clear area in a bacterial culture produced by viral destruction of cells

Question 12

lesion

Answer 12

a region in an organ or tissue which has suffered damage through injury or disease, such as a wound, ulcer, abscess, or tumor

Question 13

fissure

Answer 13

a crack in skin tissue

Question 14

lichenification

Answer 14

the process by which skin becomes hardened and leathery or lichenoid (like lichen) usually as a result of chronic irritation

Question 15

lichen

Answer 15

(1) any of several skin diseases characterized by the eruption of flat papules
(2) any of numerous complex plantlike organisms made up of an alga (alga is singular for algae) and a fungus growing in symbiotic association on a solid surface (as a rock)

Question 16

symbiotic

Answer 16

(1) involving interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association
(2) denoting a mutually beneficial relationship between different people or groups

Question 17

electrodesiccation

Answer 17

a fast and simple office-based procedure that uses electric current delivered via a needle-shaped electrode to superheat the skin in pinpoint precise areas

Question 18

cryosurgery

Answer 18

the use of extreme cold in surgery to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue

Question 19

urticaria

Answer 19

also called hives; reddened, itchy welts that may be triggered by exposure to certain foods, medications or other substances

Question 20

welt (skin)

Answer 20

a red, swollen mark left on flesh by a blow or pressure

Question 21

eczema

Answer 21

a condition that makes your skin red and itchy; it’s common in children but can occur at any age.

Question 22

atopy (adjective: atopic)

Answer 22

the tendency to produce an exaggerated immune response to otherwise harmless substances in the environment; it can sometimes be genetic

Question 23

immunoglobin

Answer 23

any of a class of proteins present in the serum and cells of the immune system, which function as antibodies

Question 24

excoriation

Answer 24

(1) the act of abrading or wearing off the skin

2) a raw irritated lesion (as of the skin or a mucosal surface

Question 25

abrasion

Answer 25

A type of open wound that's caused by the skin rubbing against a rough surface. It may be called a scrape or a graze. When an abrasion is caused by the skin sliding across hard ground, it may be called road rash. Abrasions are very common injuries. They can range from mild to severe.

Question 26

psoriasis

Answer 26

a skin disease that causes red, itchy scaly patches, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp

Question 27

pemphigus

Answer 27

a rare group of autoimmune diseases. It causes blisters on the skin and mucous membranes throughout the body. It can affect the mouth, nose, throat, eyes, and genitals.

Question 28

autoimmune disease

Answer 28

a condition in which your immune system mistakenly attacks your body

Question 29

pemphigus vulgaris

Answer 29

the most common form of pemphigus; the epidermis separates above the basal layer. Blisters form initially in the oral mucosa or scalp and then spread over the face and trunk during the ensuing months. The vesicles become large and tend to rupture, leaving large denuded areas of skin covered with crusts

Question 30

vesicle

Answer 30

also called a blister; a small fluid-filled bladder, sac, cyst, or vacuole within the body

Question 31

vacuole

Answer 31

(1) a small cavity or space in tissue, especially in nervous tissue as the result of disease (2) a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid

Question 32

scleroderma

Answer 32

a group of rare diseases that involve the hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues

Question 33

Raynaud's disease

Answer 33

a condition that causes some areas of your body — such as your fingers and toes — to feel numb and cold in response to cold temperatures or stress. In Raynaud's disease, smaller arteries that supply blood to your skin become narrow, limiting blood flow to affected areas (vasospasm)

Question 34

cellulitis

Answer 34

a common, potentially serious bacterial skin infection. The affected skin appears swollen and red and is typically painful and warm to the touch

Question 35

erysipelas

Answer 35

a form of cellulitis usually caused by group A streptococcus bacteria

Question 36

boil

Answer 36

also called a furuncle; a painful, pus-filled bump under the skin caused by infected, inflamed hair follicles.

Question 37

impetigo

Answer 37

a highly contagious skin infection that causes red sores on the face

Question 38

inoculation

Answer 38

(1) to introduce immunologically active material (such as an antibody or antigen) into especially in order to treat or prevent a disease (2) to introduce a microorganism into (3) to introduce something into the mind of

Question 39

carbuncle

Answer 39

a painful local purulent inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues with multiple openings for the discharge of pus and usually necrosis and sloughing of dead tissue

Question 40

purulent

Answer 40

containing, consisting of, or being pus

Question 41

suppuration

Answer 41

to form or discharge pus

Question 42

slough (verb, related to skin)

Answer 42

to separate in the form of dead tissue from living tissue; shed or cast off

Question 43

slough (noun)

Answer 43

(1) a place of deep mud or mire | (2) a state of moral degradation or spiritual dejection

Question 44

mire

Answer 44

(1) wet spongy earth (as of a bog or marsh); mud | (2) a troublesome or intractable situation

Question 45

intractable

Answer 45

(1) not easily governed, managed, or directed (2) not easily relieved or cured (3) not easily manipulated or shaped

Question 46

fasciitis

Answer 46

inflammation of a fascia (as from infection or injury)

Question 47

protease enzymes

Answer 47

also called proteolytic enzymes; enzymes that break down protein

Question 48

fulminant

Answer 48

(of a disease or symptom) severe and sudden in onset

Question 49

gangrene

Answer 49

a serious condition where a loss of blood supply causes body tissue to die

Question 50

leprosy

Answer 50

also called Hansen's disease; an infection caused by slow-growing contagious bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae. It can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose (nasal mucosa). With early diagnosis and treatment, the disease can be cured. Infection can lead to damage of the nerves, respiratory tract, skin, and eyes.

Question 51

keratitis

Answer 51

an inflammation of the cornea

Question 52

verruca (plural: verrucae)

Answer 52

a contagious and usually painful wart on the sole of the foot; a plantar wart

Question 53

wart

Answer 53

small, rough, hard growths that are similar in color to the rest of the skin

Question 54

mycosis

Answer 54

a general name for any disease caused by a fungus

Question 55

ringworm

Answer 55

a rash caused by a fungal infection. It's usually a red, itchy, circular rash with clearer skin in the middle. Ringworm gets its name because of its appearance. No worm is involved.

Question 56

thrush

Answer 56

a fungal (yeast) infection that can grow in your mouth, throat and other parts of your body. In your mouth thrush appears as a growth that can look like cottage cheese – white, raised lesions on your tongue and cheeks. The condition can quickly become irritated and cause mouth pain and redness.

Question 57

tinea capitis

Answer 57

it is ringworm of the scalp, a fungal infection of the scalp and hair shafts.

Question 58

tinea corporis

Answer 58

ringworm of the body

Question 59

tinea pedis

Answer 59

also called athlete's foot; ringworm of the feet

Question 60

tinea unguium

Answer 60

also called onychomycosis; a fungal infection of the nail

Question 61

scabies

Answer 61

an itchy skin condition caused by a tiny burrowing mite called Sarcoptes scabiei; the mite burrows into the skin and lays eggs, creating a cycle where the new mites emerge to bury more eggs

Question 62

larva

Answer 62

the active immature form of an insect, especially one that differs greatly from the adult and forms the stage between egg and pupa, e.g. a caterpillar or grub

Question 63

pupa

Answer 63

an insect in its inactive immature form between larva and adult, e.g. a chrysalis

Question 64

chrysalis

Answer 64

the form a caterpillar takes before it emerges from its cocoon as a fully formed moth or butterfly

Question 65

mite

Answer 65

a minute arachnid which has four pairs of legs when adult, related to the ticks. Many kinds live in the soil and a number are parasitic on plants or animals

Question 66

tick (insect)

Answer 66

parasitic arachnids that are part of the mite superorder Parasitiformes

Question 67

pediculosis

Answer 67

an infestation of the hairy parts of the body or clothing with the eggs, larvae or adults of lice; The crawling stages of this insect feed on human blood, which can result in severe itching. Head lice are usually located on the scalp, crab lice in the pubic area and body lice along seams of clothing.

Question 68

lice (singular: louse)

Answer 68

small, brownish parasites that feed off human blood

Question 69

cooties

Answer 69

(1) a children's term for an imaginary germ or repellent quality transmitted by obnoxious or slovenly people (2) pediculosis

Question 70

keratosis

Answer 70

a growth of keratin on the skin or on mucous membranes stemming from keratinocytes, the prominent cell type in the epidermis

Question 71

seborrhea (adjective: seborrheic)

Answer 71

abnormally increased secretion and discharge of sebum

Question 72

actinic

Answer 72

of, relating to, resulting from, or exhibiting chemical changes produced by radiant energy especially in the visible and ultraviolet parts of the spectrum

Question 73

carcinoma

Answer 73

a malignant tumor of epithelial origin

Question 74

leukemia

Answer 74

A cancer of blood-forming tissues, hindering the body's ability to fight infection

Question 75

ABCD test

Answer 75

``` a test to see if a mole or nevus is cancerous: Area of the mole is increased. Border is irregular. Color is changed in mole. Diameter of the mole is increased. ```

Question 76

nevus

Answer 76

A benign (not cancer) growth on the skin that is formed by a cluster of melanocytes (cells that make a substance called melanin, which gives color to skin and eyes). A nevus is usually dark and may be raised from the skin

Question 77

etiology

Answer 77

(1) the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition (2) the investigation or attribution of the cause or reason for something, often expressed in terms of historical or mythical explanation

Question 78

Kaposi Sarcoma

Answer 78

a type of cancer that forms in the lining of blood and lymph vessels. The tumors (lesions) of Kaposi's sarcoma typically appear as painless purplish spots on the legs, feet or face. Lesions can also appear in the genital area, mouth or lymph nodes.

Question 79

psoriasis

Answer 79

A condition in which skin cells build up faster than normal and form scales and itchy, dry patches.