Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pathophysiology and Pharmacology > Chapter 5 - Inflammation and Healing > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Inflammation and Healing Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

abscess

A

a swollen area within body tissue, containing an accumulation of pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

adhesions

A

bands of scar tissue joining two surfaces that are normally separated; they prevent normal movement of the structures and may eventually cause distortion or twisting of the tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

angiogenesis

A

the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

chemical mediators

A

a nonspecific term for a chemical agent which carries out a process or reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

chemotaxis

A

the movement of an organism or entity in response to a chemical stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

contracture

A

a permanent shortening of a muscle or joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

diapedesis

A

the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries, typically accompanying inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

a type of blood test that measures how quickly erythrocytes (red blood cells) settle at the bottom of a test tube that contains a blood sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

exudate

A

a fluid emitted by an organism through pores or a wound, a process known as exuding or exudation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

fibrinogen

A

a glycoprotein complex, made in the liver, that circulates in the blood of all vertebrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fibroblast

A

a cell in connective tissue which produces collagen and other fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

glucocorticoids

A

any of a group of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex or made synthetically. There are two kinds: glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. They have various metabolic functions and some are used to treat inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

granulation tissue

A

new connective tissue and microscopic blood vessels that form on the surfaces of a wound during the healing process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

granuloma

A

a small mass of cells with a necrotic center and covered by connective tissue; it may develop around a foreign object such as a splinter or as part of the immune response in some infections such as tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

interferons

A

a protein released by animal cells, usually in response to the entry of a virus, which has the property of inhibiting virus replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

isoenzymes

A

also called isozymes; enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

leukocyte

A

a colorless cell that circulates in the blood and body fluids and is involved in counteracting foreign substances and disease; also called a white (blood) cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

leukocytosis

A

A condition characterized by increased levels of leukocytes in the blood. Although this typically occurs when you’re sick, it can also be caused by several other factors, such as stress.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

macrophage

A

active in phagocytosis; these are mature monocytes that have migrated into tissues from the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

malaise

A

a general feeling of discomfort, illness, or uneasiness whose exact cause is difficult to identify

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

neutrophil

A

The most abundant type of granulocytes; they make up 40% to 70% of all white blood cells in humans. They form an essential part of the innate immune system, with their functions varying in different animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

glucocorticoids

A

any of a group of corticosteroids which are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats and have anti-inflammatory activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

phagocytosis

A

the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

purulent

A

consisting of, containing, or discharging pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
pyrexia
raised body temperature; fever
26
pyrogens
a substance, typically produced by a bacterium, which produces fever when introduced or released into the blood
27
stenosis
a narrowing or constriction of the diameter of a bodily passage or orifice
28
ulcer
a sore on the lining of your stomach, small intestine or esophagus
29
vasodilation
the dilatation of blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure
30
First Line of Defense (against injury)
a mechanical barrier such as skin or mucous membrane that blocks entry of bacteria or harmful substances into the tissues, as well as body secretions such as saliva or tears that contain enzymes or chemicals that inactivate or destroy potentially damaging material
31
Second Line of Defense (against injury)
the nonspecific processes of phagocytosis and inflammation; phagocytosis eats harmful materials and inflammation is designed to limit the harm
32
Third Line of Defense (against injury)
protection provided by stimulating the production of unique antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes following exposure to specific substances
33
granulocytes
a white blood cell with secretory granules in its cytoplasm (i.e. a neutrophil, basophil, or eosinophil)
34
precapillary sphincters
a band of contractile mural cells either classified as smooth muscle or pericytes that adjusts blood flow into capillaries
35
mural cells
the vascular smooth muscle cells, and pericytes, of the microcirculation
36
pericytes
vascular mural cells embedded in the basement membrane of blood microvessels
37
microcirculation
the part of the vascular system that consists of the small vessels (arterioles, capillaries, and venules)
38
inflammation
a normal defense mechanism in the body, intended to localize and remove an injurious agent; it is characterized by pain, redness, or swelling
39
caustic
(1) able to burn or corrode organic tissue by chemical action (2) sarcastic in a scathing and bitter way
40
scathing
witheringly scornful; severely critical
41
mast cell
a cell filled with basophil granules, found in numbers in connective tissue and releasing histamine and other substances during inflammatory and allergic reactions
42
basophil
a type of white blood cell, involved in the release of histamine leading to inflammation
43
dilation
the act or action of enlarging, expanding, or widening
44
hyperemia
an excess of blood in the vessels supplying an organ or other part of the body
45
monocytes
a large phagocytic white blood cell with a simple oval nucleus and clear, grayish cytoplasm
46
lymphocyte
A type of white blood cell in the immune system of jawed vertebrates. Lymphocytes include natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells.
47
eosinophils
a white blood cell containing granules that are readily stained by eosin
48
eosin
a red fluorescent dye that is a bromine derivative of fluorescein, or one of its salts or other derivatives
49
bromine
the chemical element of atomic number 35, a dark red fuming toxic liquid with a choking, irritating smell
50
fluorescein
an orange dye with a yellowish-green fluorescence
51
fluorescence
the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation
52
rubor
redness of the skin (as from inflammation)
53
erythema
superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches, as a result of injury or irritation causing dilatation of the blood capillaries
54
dilatation
the action of dilating a vessel or opening or the process of becoming dilated.
55
bradykinin
a compound released in the blood in some circumstances that causes contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of blood vessels; it is involved in inflammation
56
pus
a thick yellowish or greenish opaque liquid produced in infected tissue, consisting of dead white blood cells and bacteria with tissue debris and serum
57
serum
an amber-colored, protein-rich liquid that separates out when blood coagulates
58
granule
a small compact particle of a substance
59
mineralocorticoids
a corticosteroid, such as aldosterone, that is involved with maintaining the salt balance in the body
60
amoeba
a single-celled animal that catches food and moves about by extending fingerlike projections of protoplasm
61
protoplasm
the colorless material comprising the living part of a cell, including the cytoplasm, nucleus, and other organelles
62
protozoa
an informal term for a group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris
63
eukaryotes
organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within a nuclear envelope
64
tissue engineering
the search for new methods of replacing damaged tissue where regeneration is not possible—for example, extensive burns, deep ulcers, or cardiac muscle death
65
edematous
relating to or affected with edema; abnormally swollen
66
eschar
a dry, dark scab or falling away of dead skin, typically caused by a burn, or by the bite of a mite, or as a result of anthrax infection
67
anthrax
a serious infectious disease caused by gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis
68
Gram stain
also called Gram staining or Gram's method; a method of staining used to distinguish and classify bacterial species into two large groups: gram-positive bacteria (turn purple after use a special dye) and gram-negative bacteria (do not turn purple after using a special dye)
69
hemoconcentration
increased concentration of cells and solids in the blood usually resulting from loss of fluid to the tissues
70
hypermetabolism
an elevated resting energy expenditure
71
hematopoiesis
the production of blood cells in bone marrow
72
hypoalbuminemia
a deficit of albumin in the blood, more often seen in elderly patients
73
albumin
A protein that is produced in the liver. Albumin enters the bloodstream where it helps carry vitamins, enzymes, and other important substances. Albumin also helps prevent fluids from leaking out of the bloodstream.
74
corticosteroids
often known as steroids, they are an anti-inflammatory medicine prescribed for a wide range of conditions and are also produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates

Pathophysiology and Pharmacology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions