Chapter 11 - Lymphatic System Disorders

Question 1

lymphatic system

Answer 1

a system that functions to return excess interstitial fluid and protein to the blood, to filter and destroy unwanted material from the body fluids, and to initiate an immune response

Question 2

spleen

Answer 2

An organ found in all vertebrates. Similar in structure to a large lymph node, it acts primarily as a blood filter. The human spleen is located in the upper left abdomen, behind the stomach

Question 3

four types of tonsils

Answer 3

palatine, pharyngeal (a.k.a. adenoid), lingual, and tubal

Question 4

thymus gland

Answer 4

A gland in the chest between the lungs. It makes white blood cells (T lymphocytes) which are part of the immune system and help fight infection.

Question 5

subclavian vein

Answer 5

a paired large vein, one on either side of the body, that is responsible for draining blood from the upper extremities, allowing this blood to return to the hear

Question 6

intestinal villi (singular: villus)

Answer 6

small, finger-like projections that extend into the lumen of the small intestine

Question 7

lymph node

Answer 7

A small bean-shaped structure that is part of the body’s immune system. Lymph nodes filter substances that travel through the lymphatic fluid, and they contain lymphocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight infection and disease. There are hundreds of lymph nodes found throughout the body.

Question 8

appendix

Answer 8

(1) a section of extra information added at the end of a book
(2) a small tube at the beginning of the large intestine that can be removed by surgery if it becomes infected

Question 9

Peyer’s patches

Answer 9

groupings of lymphoid follicles in the mucus membrane that lines your small intestine

Question 10

lymphoma

Answer 10

a usually malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue

Question 11

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Answer 11

a malignant lymphoma that is marked by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells and is characterized by progressive enlargement of lymph nodes, spleen, and liver and by progressive anemia

Question 12

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 12

any of various malignant lymphomas (as Burkitt’s lymphoma) that are not classified as Hodgkin’s lymphoma, have malignant cells derived from B cells, T cells, or natural killer cells, and are characterized especially by enlarged lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, fatigue, and weight loss

Question 13

Reed-Sternberg cell

Answer 13

large, abnormal lymphocytes found in people with Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Question 14

Ann Arbor staging system

Answer 14

a system used determine the extent that a lymphoma cancer has spread; it is made up of four stages:
Stage I: cancer is located in a single region
Stage II: cancer is located in two separate regions
Stage III: cancer has spread to both sides of the diaphragm
Stage IV: widespread, including any involvement of the liver, bone marrow, or lungs

Question 15

manifest

Answer 15

(adj. ) readily perceived by the senses and especially by the sense of sight
(adj. ) easily understood or recognized by the mind
(verb) to make evident or certain by showing or displaying

Question 16

nodule (adj. nodular)

Answer 16

a growth of abnormal tissue

Question 17

extralymphatic organs

Answer 17

an organ that is not part of the lymphatic system

Question 18

diffuse

Answer 18

(adj. ) being at once verbose and ill-organized
(adj. ) not concentrated or localized
(verb) to pour out and permit or cause to spread freely
(verb) to spread thinly or wastefully

Question 19

disseminate

Answer 19

(1) to spread abroad as though sowing seed

(2) to disperse throughout

Question 20

myeloma

Answer 20

also called multiple myeloma or Kahler’s disease; it is a cancer of the plasma cells

Question 21

lymphedema

Answer 21

edema due to faulty lymphatic drainage

Question 22

elephantiasis

Answer 22

A type of lymphedema caused primarily by an infestation and blockage of the lymph vessels of the extremities by a parasitic worm called filaria. There is also a relatively rare, nonfilarial form of elephantiasis known as podoconiosis, which is difficult to treat and thought to be caused by skin irritation from contact with volcano ash.

Question 23

Castleman disease

Answer 23

A rare illness that involves the overgrowth of lymphoid tissue. Although this disease is characterized by overgrowth of lymphatic cells, it is not considered a cancer but is associated with a higher risk of lymphoma.
There are two types of Castleman disease: unicentric, which affects only a single lymph node, and multicentric, which affects multiple lymph nodes and tissue and may lead to a severe weakening of the immune system.

Question 24

sarcopenia

Answer 24

a reduction in skeletal muscle mass due to aging

Question 25

concatenate

Answer 25

link (things) together in a chain or series