Chapter 8 Pt 2 Flashcards
If the removal of a stimulus following a response increases the likelihood that the response will reoccur the stimulus is
Negative reinforcer
What statement accurately describes evidence that imprinting in pro social birds such as chickens and geese is due to learning guided by biological predisposition
Hatchlings learn during critical period
Whenever Xavier neighbors play their music loudly he bangs, his behavior is under the influence of
Negative reinforcement
When a group of gosling hatch, a researcher and an adult female goose are both there to welcome them into the world. The gosling will respond by
Imprinting
A stimulus that increases the likelihood of a response by removing it is a
Negative reinforcer
At first a coach praises a basketball player for behaviors that are only remotely like those that will sink a basket. The coach is using a training strategy called :
Shaping
Peggy works as seamstress for a woman’s clothing store. Peggys performance is being reinforced on a ___ schedule
Fixed ratio
Most contemporary researchers who study play and exploration believe that play evolved as a mechanism for ___ learning whereas exploration evolved as a mechanism for _____ learning
Skill, information
Bart likes to listen to music on his radio. If Bart pounds on it what schedule is it
Variable ratio
Every time Richard gets an A on his exam, his parents a are hoping to take advantage of ____
The law of effect
A cue signaling the availability of a reinforcer is known as
Discriminative stimulus
A variable ratio schedule would require
An unpredictable number of responses
In an experiment, children who were given praise and certificates for drawing spent more time drawing. The effect is called
Over justification
_____ refers to an increase in the salience or attractiveness
Stimulus enhancement
If Scott reinforces a response in the presence of a particular stimulus and does not reinforce the response its serving as
Discriminative stimulus
Which scenario is consistent with thorn dice
Since dales persistent
A reinforcement schedule in operant conditioning that would be best if someone wants to produce a very resistant to extinction
Variable ratio
For most people, receiving money after preforming some behavior would make that behavior more likely to recur in the future thus the money is
Positive reinforcer
A puppy sees that its mother is licking a bottle, the puppies attraction to the bottle is known as
Stimulus enhancement
A dog wanders around looking for food, he walks by a restaurant whats the behavior
Shaping
Reinforcing successive approximations to a desired response is known as
Shaping
Suppose that in a food preference study you deprive a group of rats of an essential nutrient and give them a variety of food. What would you predict
After a few days the rats would show a strong preference
A trainer wants a chimp to sit still in a chair. She might therefore reward the chimp for staying within 5 feet. What strategy
Shaping
What statement concerning conditioning of fear is true
Some stimuli
In initial training for the acquisition of a response, most efficient schedule of reinforcement is ____
Continuous
Ariel wanted to teach her pet fish to swim through the castle in the fish tank. What’s the conditioning called
Shaping
Children in nursery school usually enjoy playing games. cognitive theory predicts the children will ____ when the reward is no longer given, which is consistent with _____
Have come to view the games as work; over-justification
Which statement accurately describes evidence that imprinting in pro social birds
Hatchlings learn
It makes sense that ___ schedules produce faster response rates than ____ schedules in terms of adaptiveness
Ratio; interval
What reinforcement schedule produces the greatest resistance to extinction
Partial reinforcement, variable
The clearest example of an operant response is a dog
Barks so you’ll let him outside
Scott reinforces a response in the presence of a particular stimulus
Discriminative stimulus
The consequence of a response affects the likelihood of that response
Operant conditioning
In the operant procedure referred to as negative punishment, a response that is followed by
Removal of a stimulus, decreases
Young lucette watches her mother care gently, and she plays with her doll gently what learning is it
Observational
What are the three main methods designed for learning in nature
Play, observation, exploration
A shy person has agreed to say hello to 10 people during the day, this procedure is a therapeutic use of
Operant conditioning
Pavlov is to classical conditioning, as _____ is to operant conditioning
Skinner
Which item is least likely to be associated with traditional behaviorist view of learning
Latent learning
