chapter 2 Terms

Question 1

autism

Answer 1

disorder by a deficit in the ability to form emotional bonds and communicate with other people.

Question 2

bias

Answer 2

directed effects caused by some factors extraneous to the research hypothesis.

Question 3

blind

Answer 3

uninformed

Question 4

correlational study

Answer 4

Finds the relationship between dependent variables, without manipulation.

Question 5

dependent variable

Answer 5

behavior, the affected behavior

Question 6

descriptive statistics

Answer 6

used to summarize sets of data

Question 7

descriptive study

Answer 7

describing the behavior of individuals without assessing relationships between different variables.

Question 8

double-blind experiment

Answer 8

both the researcher and the subject are blind, as it provides a random study

Question 9

experiment

Question 10

field study

Answer 10

researcher does not have control over the subjects experiences.

Question 11

Hawthorne effect

Answer 11

change in behavior of the subject due to knowing they’re being watched.

Question 12

hypothesis

Answer 12

prediction about new observations made from a theory

Question 13

independent variable

Answer 13

The cause of effects, the action

Question 14

inferential study

Question 15

laboratory study

Answer 15

subjects are brought to a specially designated area, and controlled experiences.

Question 16

mean

Answer 16

adding scores, dividing how many numbers their are.

Question 17

median

Answer 17

the number in the middle.

Question 18

naturalistic observation

Answer 18

researchers avoiding interference with subjects behaviors

Question 19

observational methods

Answer 19

researchers observations and records the behavior of interest.

Question 20

Observation

Answer 20

Objective statement

Question 21

observer-expectancy effects

Answer 21

wishes and expectations that can affect how they behave and what they observe

Question 22

placebo

Answer 22

fake like pill to give the effect of something real.

Question 23

reliability

Answer 23

measurement error and yields similar results each time it is used with a particular subject.

Question 24

self-report methods

Answer 24

people are asked to rate or describe their own behavior.

Question 25

standard deviation

Answer 25

A common measure of variability.

Question 26

statistically significant

Answer 26

if (p) is less then .05 (5%)

Question 27

subject-expectancy effects

Answer 27

if different treatments in an experiment induce different expectations in subjects, and those expect may account for observed differences,

Question 28

tests

Question 29

theory

Answer 29

an idea

Question 30

validity

Answer 30

can be a source of bias

Question 31

variability

Answer 31

the quality of being subject to change or variation in behavior or emotion.

Question 32

variable

Answer 32

anything that can change or assume different values

Question 33

introspection

Answer 33

personal observations of ones thoughts, perceptions, and feelings.

Question 34

inferential statistics

Answer 34

which help researches decide how confident they can be judging whether the results observed due to chance.

Question 35

random variation

Answer 35

Random occurrence, and not focused on one certain thing.

Question 36

face validity

Answer 36

measure procedure appears to assess the variable that is supposed to measure. (common sense)

Question 37

criterion validity

Answer 37

the more direct index

Question 38

opperational definition

Answer 38

something in terms of the identifiable and repeatable procedures, or operations by which it can be observed and measured.