chapter 1 questions Flashcards
Which type of knowledge did Kant say is built into the human brain and does not have to be learned?
a priori knowledge
materialism is credited to which philosopher
Thomas Hobbes
To a learning psychologist, experience in the environment leads to a change in _____, whereas to a cognitive psychologist, experience in the environment leads to a change in _____.
behavior; knowledge or beliefs
Psychology as an academic discipline MOST comfortably fits:
as a field that bridges social sciences, natural sciences, and the humanities.
The study of information that is stored and activated by the brain, such as beliefs, thoughts, or forms of memories, is part of which branch of psychology?
cognitive
Researchers who focus on individual neurons or small groups of neurons to determine how their characteristics contribute to particular psychological capacities are:
behavioral neuroscientists
Which is a specialty BEST defined by the topic it studies than the level of analysis?
perceptual psychology
Which of Descartes’ beliefs helped pave the way to scientific psychology?
the body controls behavior mechanically.
The two major specialties that are devoted to the task of understanding individual differences among people are:
personality psychology and abnormal psychology.
Reflexology was born out of the understanding of how _____ work together to create reflexive actions.
the central nervous system and peripheral nerves
In his view of dualism, Descartes believed that any behavior common to both human beings and nonhuman animals must be produced by the _____ and not the _____.
body, soul
According to the definition offered in the textbook, psychology is the science of:
behavior and the mind
free will, no such thing of soul only energy and matter what philosophy is it
materialism
Understanding the influence that other people have on an individual’s behavior is most consistent with a _____ level of analysis.
social
Nativism may be thought of as the opposite of:
empiricism
Which area of psychology would best explain behavior in terms of past experiences with the environment?
learning
Given his interest in typical age-related changes in reasoning, he is most likely a _____ psychologist.
developmental
She is particularly interested in the aversion to green vegetables and has hypothesized that this aversion has survival benefits, given that some plants can contain toxins harmful to developing fetuses. what psychologist is she
evolutionary psychologist
Tyler begins to think that babies may possess an inborn quantitative understanding. His belief is most consistent with the philosophical view known as:
nativisim
She is looking for a _____ explanation of prejudice.
cognitive
Vladimir has taught dance classes to children of various ages. He believes he is good at determining how to best teach a child to dance based on the child’s physical and emotional maturity.
developmental psychology
Darwin’s concept of natural selection is most important for psychologists interested in the _____ of behavior.
functions
Dr madden attempts to relate learning experiences directly to behavioral changes, what type of psychologist is he
learning
what studys more so the topic then the level of analysis
perceptual
sophie studies the difference between societies what psychologist is she
cultural
cassie went out with her friends at a bonfire and feels the sensation of heat, what philosophy is she experiencing
empiricism
Descartes version of dualism defines behavior as controlled by the soul and body his philosophy can be studied why?
All behaviors that are common to both humans and animals
