chapter 1 questions

Question 1

Which type of knowledge did Kant say is built into the human brain and does not have to be learned?

Answer 1

a priori knowledge

Question 1

materialism is credited to which philosopher

Answer 1

Thomas Hobbes

Question 2

To a learning psychologist, experience in the environment leads to a change in _____, whereas to a cognitive psychologist, experience in the environment leads to a change in _____.

Answer 2

behavior; knowledge or beliefs

Question 3

Psychology as an academic discipline MOST comfortably fits:

Answer 3

as a field that bridges social sciences, natural sciences, and the humanities.

Question 4

The study of information that is stored and activated by the brain, such as beliefs, thoughts, or forms of memories, is part of which branch of psychology?

Answer 4

cognitive

Question 5

Researchers who focus on individual neurons or small groups of neurons to determine how their characteristics contribute to particular psychological capacities are:

Answer 5

behavioral neuroscientists

Question 6

Which is a specialty BEST defined by the topic it studies than the level of analysis?

Answer 6

perceptual psychology

Question 7

Which of Descartes’ beliefs helped pave the way to scientific psychology?

Answer 7

the body controls behavior mechanically.

Question 8

The two major specialties that are devoted to the task of understanding individual differences among people are:

Answer 8

personality psychology and abnormal psychology.

Question 9

Reflexology was born out of the understanding of how _____ work together to create reflexive actions.

Answer 9

the central nervous system and peripheral nerves

Question 10

In his view of dualism, Descartes believed that any behavior common to both human beings and nonhuman animals must be produced by the _____ and not the _____.

Answer 10

body, soul

Question 11

According to the definition offered in the textbook, psychology is the science of:

Answer 11

behavior and the mind

Question 12

free will, no such thing of soul only energy and matter what philosophy is it

Answer 12

materialism

Question 13

Understanding the influence that other people have on an individual’s behavior is most consistent with a _____ level of analysis.

Answer 13

social

Question 14

Nativism may be thought of as the opposite of:

Answer 14

empiricism

Question 15

Which area of psychology would best explain behavior in terms of past experiences with the environment?

Answer 15

learning

Question 16

Given his interest in typical age-related changes in reasoning, he is most likely a _____ psychologist.

Answer 16

developmental

Question 17

She is particularly interested in the aversion to green vegetables and has hypothesized that this aversion has survival benefits, given that some plants can contain toxins harmful to developing fetuses. what psychologist is she

Answer 17

evolutionary psychologist

Question 18

Tyler begins to think that babies may possess an inborn quantitative understanding. His belief is most consistent with the philosophical view known as:

Answer 18

nativisim

Question 19

She is looking for a _____ explanation of prejudice.

Answer 19

cognitive

Question 20

Vladimir has taught dance classes to children of various ages. He believes he is good at determining how to best teach a child to dance based on the child’s physical and emotional maturity.

Answer 20

developmental psychology

Question 21

Darwin’s concept of natural selection is most important for psychologists interested in the _____ of behavior.

Answer 21

functions

Question 22

Dr madden attempts to relate learning experiences directly to behavioral changes, what type of psychologist is he

Answer 22

learning

Question 23

what studys more so the topic then the level of analysis

Answer 23

perceptual

Question 24

sophie studies the difference between societies what psychologist is she

Answer 24

cultural

Question 25

cassie went out with her friends at a bonfire and feels the sensation of heat, what philosophy is she experiencing

Answer 25

empiricism

Question 26

Descartes version of dualism defines behavior as controlled by the soul and body his philosophy can be studied why?

Answer 26

All behaviors that are common to both humans and animals