Chapter 6 Questions Flashcards
After spending several days in a deep meditative state, members of a remote tribal… breaking things what most likely explains why they feel no pain
Belief induced analgesia
The major gate in the gate control theory of pain is the point where pain sensory neurons enter the ___ and synapse on the second order pain neurons
Spinal cord and brain stem
The____ organ is found in the most mammals and contains receptor cells that specialize in responding to pheromones
Vomeronasal
_____ proposes that detecting a stimulus is based on both the physical intensity of the stimulus and the psychological states of the perceiver
Signal detection theory
Research on pain sensitivity following injury suggests that generally____
Heightened sensitivity to pain at the injury site because of changes sensitivity in CNS
The ossicles increase the pressure exerted by the sound waves on the inner ear by funneling the pressure from the_____
Tympanic membrane to the smaller oval window
Individual vowel and consonant sounds that make up words are called?
Phonemes
Which statement concerning bekesys traveling wave theory is true?
timing of vibration on the basilar membrane for sounds below about 4000 Hz
Which statement is an actual research finding that supports bitter taste
Pregnant women are more sensitive
If a pianos notes were getting softer and higher pitched, its ____ as measured in ____ would be decreasing and its ____ as measured in ____ would be increasing
Amplitude, decibels, frequency, hertz
Experiments have shown that peoples ability to identify foods by flavor
Declines when both nostrils are shut
All the areas below are areas of the brain that are involved in the experience of pain except, the___
Visual cortex
A cochlear implant is a hearing aid that:
Transforms sounds into electrical impulses that stimulate auditory nerves
Genevieve was on a hike and got attacked, she felt no pain why?
Stress induced analgesia
thin, porous bone in which the axons of the olfactory sensory neurons pass through
Cribiform plate
You is studying the sense of smell and the olfactory area. What part of the brain should Yu be focusing on
Temporal Lobe
Larissa prefers to drink a big cup of tea and Jayden prefers a smaller cup, they vary alone ___ dimension
quantitative
Where can free nerve endings be found
wherever pain is sensed
Which statement is an explanation for the trigger of phantom-limb pain
The lack of sensory input removes a source of inhibition to the brain
the neurons near the proximal end of the basilar membrane fire rapidly, while other neurons on the membrane barely fires. The brain interprets this as?
A high pitched sound
Josh is working in the yard and hears a bug, before he hears the bug the receptor cells must produce an electrical change in response to the sound which is what
Transduction
Andrea is studying psychophysics. She holds 30 marbles, what law should she use
Webers law
Before the 1920s, scientists believed that basilar membrane acted like harp strings. George bekesy discovered the membrane behaves like:
A bed sheet
In pain reduction which is most likely to mediate the placebo effect
Endorphins
Corey goes to the doctor because his right ear hurts. What part of Coreys ear ruptured?
Tympanic membrane
All statements concerning the senses are true except
Each sense is capable of producing conscious sensory experiences
Which occurs because different receptors are responding to energy
Coding of stimulus quality
All are qualitative dimensions of sensory coding except
Loudness of two tones at the same pitch
Demetria listens to music, sound waves are transported inward to her
Cochle
People with the condition known as asymbolia for pain
Perceive painful stimuli but don’t feel a normal desire
Sensory adaptation is mediated by
Receptor cells and the central nervous system
Older people and fire alarms
Sense of smell declines
_____ proposes that detecting a stimulus is based on both the physical intensity of the Stimulus
Signal detection theory
If hair cells got destroyed what’s the most noticeable difference
Loss in ability to hear high frequency
What can work on humans not rats
Belief induced analgesia
Position on the basilar membrane at which the sound waves peak
Frequency of the sound
According to webers law difference for stimulus is?
Constant proportion of the magnitude of the original
___ are fast conducting fibers
A delta fibers
Which describes transduction
Hair cells on the basilar membrane bend tectorial
According to georg bekesy the auditory system codes pitch in terms of
Rate of firing from various places
Neurons in the primary auditory cortex are tonotopically organized which means
Each neuron is systematically arranged
Sergi and Natasha’s offspring would benefit from
Having the different mhcs
What is true about PAG
electrical simulation can reduce chronic pain
psychophysics is?
physical stimuli and sensory experience
pheromones
Chemical substance that is released to promote behavioral response.
sensation is described as?
physiological response
sensory adaptation is mediated by?
changes in the central nervous system
gate control theory of pain
the experience of pain depends on the extent
Research finding concerning the philology of smell indicate from the glomeruli
The limbic system and hypothalamus for emotion
what part of the ear is designed to receive sound waves and funnel them?
outer ear
relationship between chewing and swallowing is?
chewing and swallowing push air from the mouth
Fragrance in the kitchen from Rasindu?
sensation, perception
Trash can fell in front of people who can detect it
Left or right
what recently got added to primary taste?
Fat
____ is an illusion in which people hear missing sounds of words
phonemic restoration
if a sounds amplitude were increasing and frequency decreasing what is the pitched
louder and lower
preservation of neural responses to a stimulus and info
sensory coding
sensory areas in the cerebral cortex
receive signals sent along sense-specific pathways in the central nervous system
which part of the olfactory system contains the sensitive ends of olfactory sensory neurons
olfactory epithelium
As mask listens to Beethovens 5th symphony on the radio, this electrical preservation of both what is this referred to
sensory coding
free nerve endings are sensitive terminals of the receptors for the sense of:
pain
which occurs because different receptors in a given sensory system are tuned to respond to somewhat different forms of energy
coding of stimulus quality
the term endorphin:
endogenous morphine like substance
what is not one of the somatosenses
smell
scientists know the stress induced analgesia is mediate by endorphins because rats injected with endorphins
blockers and then subjected to stress
the coding of stimulus quantity is based on
the rate of action potential
