Chapter 12 Flashcards
Jane and Roland are a married couple, who both hold away from-home jobs in addition to managing their house hold duties. If they’re typical of other such couples research results suggest that
Jane is happier with her away from home work
____ is when a child understands that they themselves are one gender or the other and always will be
Gender identity
The cultural historian johan huizinga wrote about play in 1944 in which he contended that
Most of what society calls “high culture”
Some developmental researchers have argued that adult romantic love can be understood in terms of infant attachment in part because both involve
Physical affection and feelings of security in each others presence
In one study some mothers were trained to use firm but kind methods of discipline and others were not. Results showed
Friendlier and more cooperative by their teachers
Which statement is not one of the contributing factors to the gender differences seen between boys and girls at an early age
Parents jostle their daughters more than they do their sons
16 year old Elliot decides to steal a car in order to show off to his friends. How would Judith explain the adolescents engagement
It reflects Elliot’s desire to set himself apart
Kelsey and Michael are playing in their backyard. Lev would argue
Practicing self discipline
Lawrence kohlbergs methodology for studying moral reasoning was to
Present a story involving a moral dilemma
According to kohlbergs stage theory of moral reasoning, reaching the higher stages requires the ability to
Pass through all of the lower stages and discover their limitations
Which statement is a research result that provides evidence for an innate human capacity to feel empathy and to act accordingly
Newborns will cry
Terrie Moffitt has suggested that the early onset of puberty and the delayed acceptance into legitimate adult society in modern culture may lead to:
unwanted side effect of adolescent recklessness and delinquency.
Which statement is NOT a central aspect of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?
Higher stages of moral development involve a greater concern for personal relationships than do lower stages.
Arnulf assists a world renowned artist, what is essential to his enjoyment of it
Work that is complex and varied
In the strange situation test an infant is placed an unfamiliar room. Which best exemplifies behavior patterns
Infant explores the room when the mother is present, seems uneasy and explores less when she leaves
It has been found that in age-graded school settings, children play _____. However, in neighborhood settings, or cultures that don’t have age-graded schools, children often play _____.
almost entirely with others who are about the same age as themselves; in groups with age spans of several years.
A view that is prevalent in American culture is that male roles are superior to female roles. Which statement is NOT an actual observation that might be due to this view?
Young girls frequently attempt to fit into male roles
Which statement would BEST explain why older people generally report higher life satisfaction than younger people?
Older people concentrate mostly on positive events in life and try to ignore negative ones.
With respect to the way people psychologically approach death, research supports the:
view that there is no universal approach to death.
Which statement BEST expresses John Bowlby’s application of Darwinian logic to an understanding of social development?
Instinctive predispositions
According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning, stage _____ focuses on consequences of rewards and punishment.
1
Why have researchers proposed that marital happiness may depend even more on the husband’s capacity to adjust than the wife’s?
Success in a marriage may often depend on the husband’s willingness
Emilio is beginning to spontaneously give toys and food to his parents. About how old is Emilio?
1
According to the socioemotional selectivity theory, what happens as people grow older?
People grow less concerned with the future and are more focused on the present.
When interpreting studies showing correlations between parental disciplinary styles and children’s behavior, it is important to acknowledge that the correlations:
could reflect the influence of the child’s behavioral style on the parent’s disciplinary style.
Dalton and his parents go to a restaurant and dalton flings food. Which of Baumrind’s parenting styles are Dalton’s parents utilizing?
Permissive
Children have been found to _____ the rules of social fantasy play, which _____ Vygotsky’s view of play.
Strictly enforce; supports
Harry Harlow separated infant monkeys from their mothers and provided each with two surrogate mothers, one of wire and one of cloth.
Both groups became attached to the cloth mother
Wilson and Daly’s view that “the young-male syndrome” helps explain adolescent recklessness and violence can be BEST reflected by the fact that risk acts are performed by adolescent males:
To gain status
Rashid’s parents love him very much, are highly tolerant of his disruptive actions, and rarely exert any type of control over him. Baumrind would classify Rashid’s parents as:
Permissive
Mackenzie’s attentive, responsive, emotionally sensitive behavior toward her infant promotes which type of attachment?
Secure attachment
______ observed attachment behavior in young humans and _____ developed a systematic program of research on attachment.
Bowlby; Harlow
The myth of invulnerability is associated with _____ and has been proposed as a partial explanation for _____ during this period.
adolescence; recklessness.
Egocentric empathy is when a(n):
distressed person or infant looks to comfort itself
The pair of concepts that are central to nearly all research and theory on adult development are:
Love and work
A study of giving behavior in infants between the ages of 12 and 18 months revealed that they:
spontaneously gave toys to others.
Studies of adolescent rebellion in North America consistently show that:
adolescent rebellion is usually directed at immediate forms of parental control over them.
When both parents in a two-parent household work equal hours outside the home
the wife rates herself negatively
The five stages that Elisabeth Kübler-Ross proposed when people learn they will soon die are denial, anger, _____, depression, and finally acceptance.
bargaining
Angelina, a 1-year-old child, return. By this test Angelina’s attachment to her mother would be classified as:
secure
Westerners might interpret !Kung and Efe infant care as overly indulgent because infants in those societies are:
in almost constant physical contact with the mothers or other caregivers.
Researchers found that in _______ culture(s) studied, boys play mostly with boys and girls play mostly with girls. Through playing with others of their own sex, children________.
every; develop
The replication of a previously learned behavior from a model, even when it is not the best solution to the problem, is:
overimitation
Which type of human play has NOT been observed in every culture studied?
violent play.
A set of fraternal twins, one could expect to see people:
play more actively with William and behave more gently toward Peggy.
Harry is constantly worried that his romantic partner is being unfaithful. What kind of attachment style is this?
anxious
